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74.0.4.0.001 (44.0.1.0.001) Tobacco necrosis virus

Table of Contents

Taxonomy

Original Source and History of Virus
Virion Properties


Morphology
Physicochemical and Physical Properties
Nucleic Acid
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates

Genome Organization and Replication

Infectivity
Replication
Function of Helper and Satellite Viruses
Cytopathology

Antigenic Properties

Serological Relationships
Diagnosis

Biological Properties

Symptoms and Host Range
Transmission
Geographic Distribution
Ecology and Control
Diagnostic and Methods

Taxonomic Structure
General Comments
References
Data sources and Contributors
Related Databases
Additional Data Sources and Teaching aids

Taxonomy

Virus Code. 74.0.4.0.001 (44.0.1.0.001). Virus Accession number 74040001.htm (44010001.htm).
Alternative name: Tobacco necrosis virus, A strain.
Synonym(s): tulip Augusta disease virus, bean stipple streak virus, chenopodium necrosis virus (Tomlinson et al., 1983), cucumber systemic necrosis virus, strawberry necrotic rosette virus (Faccioli, 1970; 1974).
Approved acronym: TNV.

Virus infects plants.

Description is on taxonomic level of species. Virus is the type species of the genus. Virus belongs to the genus Necrovirus (VC 44.0.1. ); family Tombusviridae (VC 74. ).

Virus first reported in Nicotiana tabacum. From Cambridge, U.K. Reference(s): Smith and Bald (1935).

Properties of Virion

Morphology

Virions not enveloped. Virions more than one type of particle (i.e. satellite virus TNV of 17 nm is associated with virus and depends on TNV for replication). Nucleocapsids isometric; 28 nm in diameter. Symmetry icosahedral. Nucleocapsids appear to be round. Surface capsomer arrangement not obvious. 32 capsomers per nucleocapsid.

Physicochemical an Physical Properties

Buoyant density 1.399 g cm-3 in CsCl. One sedimenting component in purified preparations. Sedimentation coefficient 118 S. Isoelectric point pH 4.5 (B strain). TIP: 85-95 °C. LIV: 7-28 days. DEP: log10 minus 4. Infectivity retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

Virions contain 19 % nucleic acid. Virions contain one molecule of linear positive-sense single stranded RNA.

Total genome length is 3759 nt. Sequence database accession code(s):
D00942 Em(40)_vi:TNCDNSC Gb(84)_vi:TNCDNSC Tobacco necrosis virus genome, complete sequence. 1/94 3,759bp.
L04261 Em(40)_vi:TNCPOLCOA Gb(84)_vi:TNCPOLCOAT Tobacco necrosis virus (Nebraska) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene, 3´ end p10.7, p6.2 and c
M33002 Em(40)_vi:TNCPOLY Gb(84)_vi:TNCPOLY Tobacco necrosis virus RNA dependent RNA polymerase and coat protein genes, complete cds. 7/9
X58455 Gb(84)_vi:TNVARNA Tobacco necrosis virus type A RNA. 6/94 2,236bp. The largest segment 3759 nt. NCBI Taxon ID: 12054. Base ratio 24 % guanine; 27.5 % adenine; 22.5 % cytosine; 25.5 % uracil. The 5' end of the genome has a ppApGpUp... sequence. Poly A region at 3´ terminus absent. 3' end has no poly (A) tract. Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions. Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells. Two subgenomic RNAs (1.6 and 1.3 kb); the smaller encodes the coat protein, and the larger the proteins of ORF 3 and, possibly, ORF 4.

Proteins

Virions contain 81 % protein. One structural virion protein found. Protein size 30000 Da (268-275 amino acid residues). Coat protein. Method of preparation: Lesnaw and Reichmann (1969); Uyemoto and Grogan (1969).

Lipids

Virions contain 0 % lipid.

Genome Organization and Replication

Features of the genome: 5 ORFs encoding proteins of 23, 82, 7.9, 6.2 and 30 kDa with a sixth encoding a 6.7 kDa protein found only in strain A The 82 kDa protein is probably a polymerase, and the 30 kDa the coat protein.

Function of Helper and Satellite Viruses. Virions associated with helper virus, but independent from its functions during replication.

Cytopathology. Virions found in roots; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells. Inclusions are crystals in the cytoplasm, or unusual in shape. String-like arrays and aggregates in the nucleus. They contain virions (Edwardson and Christie, 1986).

Natural Host Range and Symptoms

Symptoms persist.


Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa - local lesions (some strains), systemic necrosis (Chenopodium necrosis strain only).
Cucumis sativus - systemic necrosis of leaves and stems (cucumber necrosis strain only).
Nicotiana clevelandii, N. tabacum - necrotic local lesions.
Phaseolus vulgaris - discrete local lesions only (D strains), local lesions that spread along minor veins (A strains), systemic infection (stipple streak strain only).
Tulipa gesneriana - necrosis of leaves and stems (Augusta disease).

Experimental Host Range and Symptoms

Many (>9) families susceptible.

Diagnostic, Propagational and Assay Host Range


Diagnostic host: susceptible host species and symptoms
Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Lactuca sativa, Cucumis sativus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna radiata, V. unguiculata, Nicotiana clevelandii, N. tabacum - necrotic local lesions, usually no systemic spread (except the bean stipple streak strain in P. vulgaris).
Maintenance and propagation host species: Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, Nicotiana clevelandii, N. tabacum.
Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants) Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), Phaseolus vulgaris (L), Vigna radiata (L), V. unguiculata (L).

Susceptible Hosts

Experimentally infected species susceptible to virus: Amaranthus caudatus, or Antirrhinum majus, or Arachis hypogaea, or Avena sativa, or Beta vulgaris, or Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, or Brassica oleracea var. capitata, or Capsicum frutescens, or Catharanthus roseus, or Chenopodium album, or Chenopodium amaranticolor, or Chenopodium quinoa, or Cichorium endiva, or Clarkia amoena, or Cucumis melo, or Cucumis sativus, or Cucurbita maxima, or Cucurbita pepo, or Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, or Datura stramonium, or Fragaria vesca, or Glycine max, or Gomphrena globosa, or Gypsophila elegans, or Helianthus annuus, or Hordeum vulgare, or Hyoscyamus niger, or Lactuca sativa, or Lathyrus odoratus, or Lycopersicon esculentum, or Nicandra physalodes, or Nicotiana clevelandii, or Nicotiana glutinosa, or Nicotiana rustica, or Nicotiana sylvestris, or Nicotiana tabacum, or Phaseolus vulgaris, or Pisum sativum, or Ricinus communis, or Sinningia speciosa, or Solanum nodiflorum, or Sonchus oleraceus, or Spinacia oleracea, or Tetragonia tetragonioides, or Trifolium incarnatum, or Trifolium pratense, or Trifolium repens, or Triticum aestivum, or Tulipa gesneriana, or Vigna radiata, or Vigna unguiculata, or Zea mays, or Zinnia elegans.

Insusceptible Hosts

Species inoculated with virus, but tested not to be susceptible: Calendula officinalis, or Daucus carota, or Dianthus barbatus, or Euphorbia marginata, or Ipomoea setosa, or Medicago sativa, or Myosotis sylvatica, or Physalis peruviana, or Raphanus sativus, or Secale cereale, or Solanum melongena, or Tropaeolum majus, or Vicia faba.

Families containing susceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae (2/2), or Apocynaceae (1/1), or Caryophyllaceae (1/2), or Chenopodiaceae (5/5), or Compositae (5/6), or Cruciferae (2/3), or Cucurbitaceae (4/4), or Euphorbiaceae (1/2), or Gesneriaceae (1/1), or Gramineae (4 /5), or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (11/13), or Liliaceae (1/1), or Onagraceae (1/1), or Rosaceae (1/1), or Scrophulariaceae (1/1), or Solanaceae (11/13), or Tetragoniaceae (1/1).

Families containing insusceptible hosts: Boraginaceae (1/1), or Caryophyllaceae (1/2), or Compositae (1/6), or Convolvulaceae (1/1), or Cruciferae (1/3), or Euphorbiaceae (1/2), or Gramineae (1/5), or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (2/13), or Solanaceae (2 /13), or Tropaeolaceae (1/1), or Umbelliferae (1/1).

Sources of host-range data: Price (1940); Thornberry (1966).

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen. Transmitted by a fungus; Olpidium brassicae; Chytridiales.

Geographic Distribution

Probably distributed world-wide.

Diagnostic and Methods

Leaf sap contains few virions. Electron microscopy: aldehyde fixation necessary for some strains (Finlay and Teakle, 1969). Method: Finlay and Teakle (1969); Kassanis (1970).

Taxonomic Structure

Species: many reported, including A, B, C, D E, and S (Babos and Kassanis, 1963), cucumber necrosis (Van Koot and van Dorst, 1955), stipple streak (Van der Want, 1948), Ac 36, Ac 38 and Ac 43 (Uyemoto et al., 1968), Urbana (Lesnaw and Reichmann, 1969), chenopodium necrosis (Tomlinson et al., 1983).

References

Adam, G., Winter, S. and Lesemann, D.-E. (1990). Ann. appl. Biol. 116: 523.
Babos, P. and Kassanis, B. (1962). Virology 18: 206.
Babos, P. and Kassanis, B. (1963). J. gen. Microbiol. 32: 135.
Bawden, F.C. and van der Want, J.P.H. (1949). Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 55: 142.
Coutts, RHA., Rigden, JE, Slabar, AR., Lomonossoff, G.P. and Wise, P.J. (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 1521.
Edwardson, J.R. and Christie, R.G. (1986). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 14, p. 525.
Faccioli, G. (1970). Proc. 4th NAT Strawberry Conf., Cesena, Italy, p. 351.
Faccioli, G. (1974). Phytopathol. Medit. 13: 71.
Finlay, J.R. and Teakle, D.S. (1969). J. gen. Virol. 5: 93.
Gama, M.I.C.S., Kitajima, E.W. and Lin, M.T. (1982). Phytopathology 72: 529.
Kassanis, B. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 14, 4 pp.
Kassanis, B. (1977). In: Atlas of Insect and Plant Viruses, p. 281; ed K. Maramorosch. Academic Press, New York.
Kassanis, B. and Macfarlane, I. (1965). Virology 26: 603.
Lesnaw, J.A. and Reichmann, M.E. (1969). Virology 39: 738.
Mali, V.R. (1976). Indian Phytopath. 29: 266.
Meulewaeter, F., Seurinck, J. and van Emmelo, J. (1990). Virology 177: 699.
Price, W.C. (1940). Am. J. Bot. 27: 530.
Smith, K.M. and Bald, JG (1935). Parasitol. 27: 231.
Stussi-Garaud, C., Lemins, J. and Fraenkel-Conrat, H. (1977). Virology 81: 224.
Teakle, D.S. (1962). Phytopathology 52: 1037.
Temmink, J.H.M., Campbell, R.N. and Smith, P.R. (1970). J. gen. Virol. 9: 201.
Thornberry, HH (1966). In: Index of Plant Virus Diseases. U.S. Dep. Agric. Hdbk No. 307, p. 312.
Tomlinson, J.A., Faithfull, E.M., Webb, M.J.W., Fraser, R.S.S. and Seeley, N.D. (1983). Ann. appl. Biol. 102: 135.
Uyemoto, JK (1981). in Handbook of Plant Infections and Comparative Diagnosis. p.123, ed. E. Kurstak. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.
Uyemoto, JK and Grogan, R.G. (1969). Virology 39: 79
Uyemoto, JK, Grogan, R.G. and Wakeman, J.R. (1968). Virology 34: 410.
Van Koot, Y. and van Dorst, H.J.M. (1955). Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 61: 163.
Van der Want, J.P.H. (1948). Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 54: 85.

The following references are cited in the ICTV Report : rf_necro.htm.

Data sources and contributors.

Presented data have been collated for the plant virus database VIDEdB by D.S. Teakle, 1982. Revised 1985. Updated 1990 by AA Brunt. The above description has been compiled from the data presented in the Sixth ICTV Report by Lommel SA.

Related Databases

Taxon images: c4.gif

The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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