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Descriptions are generated automatically from the ICTVdB database including links. Some descriptions are only very basic and links may point to documents that are not yet published on the Web.

03.019.0.01. Coronavirus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 03.019.0.01. Coronavirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Classification

This is a description of a vertebrate virus at the genus level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 03.019.0.01. Virus accession number: 019001GE. Obsolete virus code: 19.0.1.; superceded accession number: 19010000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 11119.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Virus is of the family 03.019. Coronaviridae; order 03. Nidovirales .

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. Virus capsid is enveloped. Virions are spherical to pleomorphic measuring (60-)120-160(-200) nm in diameter. Surface projections are evenly dispersed, distinctive club-shaped peplomers that are spaced widely apart covering evenly the surface forming a prominent fringe comprised of S proteins responsible for attachment to cells, hemagglutination and membrane fusion and hemagglutinin esterase proteins (HE) which form short projections in some species. Surface projections are composed of different types of proteins. Surface projections are 12-24 nm long. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The nucleocapsid is helical and a width of 9 nm, or 11-13 nm.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

The molecular mass (Mr) of virions is 400 x 10⁶. Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.23-1.24 g cm^-3; sucrose of 1.15-1.19 g cm^-3. The sedimentation coefficient is 300-500 S_20w. Under in vitro conditions virions are some viruses stable in acid environment of pH 3. Virions are relatively stable in presence of Mg⁺⁺ (heat inactivation of MHV reduced). Virions are sensitive to treatment with heat, lipid solvents, non-ionic detergents, formaldehyde, and oxidizing agents.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 27600-31300 nucleotides long. The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap. The 3'-terminus has a poly (A) tract.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 5 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are present and located in the envelope.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is infectious.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells.

Translation: The genome replicates in the cytoplasm.

Antigenicity

Antigenic determinants may be found on envelopes and spikes and correspond to each of the major structural glycoproteins; correspond to each of the major virion proteins spike (S), HE, M, and N. Antigenic specificity of the virion can be determined by neutralization tests (S and HE), or complement fixation tests (M).

Protective immunity is induced in the form of complement-independent neutralizing antibodies.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Virus infects during its life cycle a single type of vertebrate host.
Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Animalia.

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata.

Phylum Vertebrata
Subphylum Vertebrata.

Class Mammalia and Aves.

Class Mammalia Order Primates, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, Rodentia, and Lagomorphia.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a vector.

Histopathology: Virions are found in the mature cytoplasm.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide.

Taxonomic Structure of the Genus

Type species 03.019.0.01.001. Infectious bronchitis virus .

Species in the Genus

List of Species in the Genus.

Tentative Species in the Genus

Tentative Species in the Genus.

Data Sources and Contributions

The description has been compiled from data in the ICTV Report presented by Cavanagh D, Brain DA, Brinton MA, Enjuanes L, Holmes KV, Horzinek MC, Lai MMC, Laude H, Plagemann PGW, Siddell SG, Spaan WJM, Taguchi F, Talbot PJ.

References

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from Stewart McNulty, Queens University, Belfast. • EM from Stewart McNulty, Queens University, Belfast.

The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

ICTVdB and DELTA related References

Comments to ICTVdB Management
Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
Copyright © 2002 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. All rights reserved.

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