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01.081.0.01.001. Borna disease virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 01.081.0.01.001. Borna disease virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Isolation date: 03 March 1763.
Location: Borna; Saxony; Germany.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: horses.
Virus was isolated from blood and bone marrow (from experimentally infected rats (Sierra-Honigmann et al. 1993, J. Neuroimm. 43:31-36)).
Virus was isolated from an adult (horse).

Reference to Isolation Report
Dürrwald, Ludwig (1997) J. Vet. Med. 44:147-184.

Classification

This is a description of a vertebrate virus at the species level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 01.081.0.01.001. Virus accession number: 81001001. Obsolete virus code: 81.0.1.0.001; superceded accession number: 81010001.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12455.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

The taxon has the accepted ICTV name.

ICTV approved acronym: BDV. Virus is the type of the genus 01.081.0.01. Bornavirus in the family 01.081. Bornaviridae; order 01. Mononegavirales.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of an envelope and a core. Virus capsid is enveloped. Virions are spherical and measure 90 nm in diameter. The envelope has surface projections. Surface projections are distinctive peplomers that cover evenly the surface. Surface projections are approximately 7 nm long. A regular capsid structure is not detectable. An internal electron-dense core is discernible. The core is spherical with a diameter of 50-60 nm.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.16-1.22 g cm-3; sucrose of 1.22 g cm-3. The density of virions is in renografin of 1.13 g cm-3. Virion infectivity is rapidly inactivated by heating above 56°C. Extent of effect on virion infectivity is reduced in presence of serum. Under in vitro conditions virions are relatively stable when stored at 37°C (, but infectivity loss is observed after 24 hrs incubation in the presence of serum, inactivated in acid environment of pH below 5. Virions are sensitive to treatment with organic solvents and detergents. The infectivity is reduced after exposure to irradiation.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear negative-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 8910 nucleotides long. Sequence can be accessed from GenBank. The RNA is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 8908-8910 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number [L27077]. The genome has a guanine + cytosine content of 50 %. Nucleotide sequences at the 3'-terminus are partially complementary to similar regions on the 5' end. The 3'-terminus has no poly (A) tract. The genome has no intergenic poly (A) region.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins have been characterized and functions are assigned to them.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 5-7 structural protein(s) located in the envelope, membrane, peplomers, matrix, ribonucleoprotein complex, and polymerase complex.

Structural Proteins: Envelope protein p56 has a molecular mass of 56000 Da. Envelope protein has a function assigned; is expressed in the early transcription phase; is a surface protein. Envelope protein p16 (M, has a molecular mass of 16000 Da; has a function assigned; is probably an attachment protein. During post-translational processing envelope protein modifications occur that include glycosylation. Core protein p40 (NP, has a molecular mass of 40000 Da. Core protein has a function assigned. Core protein is nucleoprotein; has an isoform p38.

Non-Structural Proteins: The virus codes for an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates have not been reported.

Coding Strategy of Segment 1: RNA has a unidirectional coding strategy and contains 6 ORF(s) (N, P, X, M, G, L). ORF-1 encodes structural nucleoprotein NP (p40, p39/38); ORF-2 encodes phosphoprotein P (p24) in the 3' half of the sequence further downstream. Translational units overlap. P10 starts within the same mRNA transcriptional unit, 46 nts upstream from p24 and overlaps in a different frame with the 71 N-terminal amino acids of p24 by about 200 nucleotides.

Translation: The genome replicates in the nucleus.

Antigenicity

Comparative RNA studies reveal an unusually high genetic homology of viruses. Isolates recovered from humans and equines suggest species-specificity. Reliable virus detection and identification can be achieved by serological tests, or antigen markers and nucleic acid amplification.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are detection of antigen markers in peripheral white blood cells, combined with nucleic acid amplification.

Vaccination is not advisable (, but antiviral therapy, especially with amantadine sulphate, promises efficacy in human mood disorders, and is effective in vitro).

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Virus infects during its life cycle a single type of vertebrate host.
Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Animalia.

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata.

Phylum Vertebrata
Subphylum Vertebrata.

Class Mammalia and Aves.

Class Aves Order Struthioniformes; virus infects Family Struthionidae (Struthio camelus (Ostrich)).

Class Mammalia Order Scandentia, Primates, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, and Rodentia;
Family Tupaiidae: Tupaiinae: Tupaia spec.;
Family Hominidae; virus infects Homo sapiens (human, Suborder Fissipedia; Family Felidae; virus infects Subfamily Felinae; virus infects Felis;
Family Equidae: virus infects Equus caballus (horse,
Family Bovidae: Subfamily Bovinae and Caprinae; virus infects Genus Bos taurus (cow, cattle, virus infects Genus Ovis aries (sheep, Suborder Sciurognathi; Family Muridae; Subfamily Murinae; virus infects Genus Rattus (neonatal).

Signs and Symptoms

Virus found in — horses (Equus caballus).

General Symptoms in Animals Infection can affect the nervous system and brain. General symptoms include debility. Signs and symptoms include myelitis and meningitis.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Infection is apparent; although disease expression is dependent on dose, infection is usually chronic. The infection is clinically expressed; disease has the name Borna disease, staggering disease; disease is listed in the classification of Office International des Epizooties (OIE) (Borna disease virus: new aspects on infection, disease, diagnosis and epidemiology; Ostrich diseases

; Introduction (An update on zoonoses); An update on zoonoses

).

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide. The virus spreads in Eurasia (Central Europe). The virus is known to occur in temperate regions; viral host lives under aerobic conditions; viral host lives in the atmosphere. The virus occurs in Germany.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

V and He80.

References

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

Taxonomic Proposals and Changes

A taxonomic proposal has been submitted to the ICTV by the Vertebrate Virus Subcommittee, Study Group for Bornaviridae at the meeting in Jerusalem, August 1996, to change the position of the taxon. The taxon has been designated as Type Species.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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