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01.062.0.05.003. Eggplant mottled dwarf virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 01.062.0.05.003. Eggplant mottled dwarf virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Southern part; Italy.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Solanum melongena.

Natural host and symptoms
Solanum melongena — mottling, vein clearing and leaf malformation.

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis — vein yellowing and leaf malformation.

Lycopersicon esculentum, Solanum nigrum — yellow vein banding.

Solanum sodomaeum — severe leaf chlorosis.

Lonicera sp. — yellow vein banding. Comments on host and host range: the Italian tomato isolate has a narrower host range than the Italian eggplant and Moroccan tomato isolates and fails also to infect eggplant (Castellano and Martelli, 1987). El Maataoui et al. (1985) also report that 32 unnamed dicotyledonous species are insusceptible.

Reference to Isolation Report
Martelli (1969).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 01.062.0.05.003. Virus accession number: 62005003. Obsolete virus code: 62.0.5.0.003; superceded accession number: 62050003.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): tomato vein chlorosis virus, tomato yellow vein virus, tomato vein yellowing virus (Adam et al., 1987; Castellano and Martelli, 1987; El Maataoui et al., 1985), tomato vein clearing virus. ICTV approved acronym: EMDV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus Nucleorhabdovirus in the family 01.062. Rhabdoviridae; order 01. Mononegavirales.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. Virus capsid is enveloped. Virions are bullet-shaped. Virions measure 80-90 nm in diameter; 220-230 nm in length. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The nucleocapsid is uncoiled filamentous, or cylindrical (coiled). Axial canal is distinct; 18 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious. Pitch of helix is 4.5 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: El Maataoui et al. (1985).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 54°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 30-44 days (at 4°C). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3-4. The infectivity is decreased by treatment with ether.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear single-stranded RNA.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 5 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are present. The lipids are of host origin.

Replication cycle Virions accumulate in the cell nucleus.

Antigenicity

The virus does not show serological relationships to potato yellow dwarf (SYDV and CYDV serotypes), broccoli necrotic yellows and sonchus yellow net viruses.

The tomato vein clearing virus occurring in Japan (Kano et al., 1985) shows some similarities to eggplant mottled dwarf virus, but tests for possible relatedness have yet to be made. The yellow vein disease of tomatoes in Nigeria (Ladipo, 1977) is induced by an uncharacterised sap-transmissible virus which also shows some similarities to eggplant mottled dwarf virus.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ASTERIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by seeds.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Malvaceae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Capsicum annuum, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Datura metel, Gomphrena globosa, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Lonicera, Lycopersicon esculentum, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana langsdorffii, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana x edwardsonii, Petunia x hybrida, Physalis floridana, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Solanum sodomaeum.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Compositae, Cucurbitaceae, Labiatae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Datura stramonium, Lactuca sativa, Ocimum basilicum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis floridana, Solanum melongena, Vigna unguiculata.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Solanum melongena, Nicotiana benthamiana, N. clevelandii, N. langsdorffii, N. glutinosa, N. megalosiphon, N. rustica, N. tabacum — chlorotic local lesions, then systemic chlorosis.

Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Gomphrena globosa — local lesions, not systemic.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Lactuca sativa, Datura stramonium, Physalis floridana, Phaseolus vulgaris, Cucumis sativus.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Solanum melongena, Nicotiana glutinosa, N. tabacum, N. benthamiana, N. clevelandii.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Nicotiana tabacum (L), N. glutinosa (L).

References to host data: Martelli and Rana (1970, El Maataoui et al. (1985, Castellano and Martelli (1987).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in leaves, vascular parenchyma, flowers (except stamens) and pericarp. Virions are found in the cytoplasm (within membranous cisternae attached to the nuclear membrane), or perinuclear space.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are not present in infected cells. Other cellular changes include nuclei which develop uniformly granular nucleoplasm and loose chromatin. The chloroplasts and mitochondria are also altered.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Algeria, Greece, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, Tunisia, and Turkey (and the Canary Islands).

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by the virus is widespread in some Mediterranean countries, but its vector is unknown. In Morocco, Solanum sodomaeum is probably an important perennial source of infection.

References

Adam, G., Chagas, C.M. and Lesemann, D.E. (1987). Phytopathology 120: 31.

Castellano, MA and Martelli, G.P. (1987). Phytopathol. Medit. 26: 46.

Cherif, C. and Martelli, G.P. (1985). FAO Pl. Prot. Bull. 33: 166.

Dale, J.L. and Peters, D. (1981). Intervirology 16: 86.

El Maataoui, M., Lockhart, B.E.L. and Lesemann, D.E. (1985). Phytopathology 75: 109.

Kano, T.S., Namba, S., Yamashita, Y., Doi, Y. and Yora, K. (1985). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 51: 606.

Ladipo, J.L. (1977). Pl. Dis. Reptr 61: 958.

Lockhart, B.E.L. (1987). Plant Dis. 71: 731.

Peters, D. (1981). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 244, 4 pp.

Plavsic, B., Eric, Z. and MilicHicH, D. (1984). Phytopathol. Medit. 23: 49.

Martelli, G.P. (1969). J. gen. Virol. 5: 319.

Martelli, G.P. and Cirulli, M. (1969). Annls. Phytopath. 1: 393.

Martelli, G.P. and Castellano, MA (1970). Phytopathol. Medit. 9: 39.

Martelli, G.P. and Rana, G.L. (1970). Phytopathol. Medit. 9: 187.

Martelli, G.P. and Cherif, C. (1987). J. Phytopath. 119: 32.

Martelli, G.P. and Hmadi, A (1986). Pl. Path. 35: 595.

Martelli, G.P., Yilmaz, MA and Baloglu, S. (1984). Phytopathol. Medit. 23: 9.

Russo, M. and Martelli, G.P. (1972). Phytopathol. Medit. 11: 136.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 320 by A.A. Brunt, 1989. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 115.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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