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01.062.0.05.001. Potato yellow dwarf virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 01.062.0.05.001. Potato yellow dwarf virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Solanum tuberosum.

Natural host and symptoms
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Solanum tuberosum, Trifolium incarnatum.

Reference to Isolation Report
Barrus and Chupp (1922).

Classification

This is a description of a plant and invertebrate virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 01.062.0.05.001. Virus accession number: 62005001. Obsolete virus code: 62.0.5.0.001; superceded accession number: 62050001.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

ICTV approved acronym: PYDV. Virus is the type of the genus Nucleorhabdovirus in the family 01.062. Rhabdoviridae; order 01. Mononegavirales.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. Virus capsid is enveloped. Virions are in unfixed preparations bullet-shaped, or bacilliform (when fixed prior to negative staining), or pleomorphic. Virions measure 75 nm in diameter; 380 nm in length. Surface projections are densely dispersed, distinctive spikes that cover evenly the surface. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The nucleocapsid is uncoiled filamentous, or cylindrical (coiled, is cross-banded.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Use ammonium molybdate as the stain.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in sucrose of 1.2 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 800 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 50°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 0.25 days (few hours). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3. The infectivity is decreased by treatment with ether; lost when deproteinized with proteases; lost when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 2% of the virion by weight. The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear negative-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 12600 nucleotides long. Genome is sequenced, but only an estimate is available, complete sequence is 12600 nucleotides long.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 78% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 5 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are present. Virions are composed of 20% lipids by weight. The lipids are of host origin.

Replication cycle Virions accumulate in the cell nucleus.

Antigenicity

Two serotypes, which differ in their proteins and in vector specificity, are known.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ASTERIDAE.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seeds.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Cicadellidae; Agallia constricta, A quadripunctata, Aceratagallia sanguinolenta. Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; retained when the vector moults; replicates in the vector.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Compositae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana x edwardsonii, Solanum tuberosum, Trifolium incarnatum.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of vein clearing, stunting, leaf malformation, mosaic, chlorotic local lesions.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Leguminosae-Papilionoideae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Medicago sativa (cv. Grimm).

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Nicotiana glutinosa, N. rustica — chlorotic local lesions, vein clearing, leaf malformation, mosaic.

Trifolium incarnatum — vein clearing, death. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Medicago sativa cv. Grimm.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Nicotiana glutinosa, N. rustica.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Nicotiana rustica (L).

References to host data: Younkin (1942).

Histopathology: Virions are found in the perinuclear space.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are leaves, roots, mesophyll and phloem.

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in North America. The virus occurs in Canada and the United States of America.

References

Adam, G. (1984). Vectors in Virus Biology 12: 37.

Adam, G. and Gaedigk, K. (1986). J. gen. Virol. 67; 2775.

Adam, G., Gaedigk, K. and Mundry, KW (1983). Z. PflKrankh. PflPath. PflSchutz. 90: 28.

Ahmed, M.E., Black, LM, Perkins, E.G., Walker, B.L. and Kummerow, F.A. (1964). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 17: 103.

Barrus and Chupp (1922). Phytopathology 12: 123.

Black, LM (1941). Am. Potato J. 18: 231.

Black, LM (1965). Virology 27: 446.

Black, LM (1979). Adv. Virus Res. 25: 191.

Black, LM (1984). Curr. Topics in Vector Res. 2: 1.

Brakke, M.K. (1956). Virology 2: 463.

Chiu, R.J., Liu, H.Y., MacLeod, R. and Black, LM (1970). Virology 40: 387.

Dale, J.L. and Peters, D. (1981). Intervirology 16: 86.

Falk, B.W. and Tsai, J.H. (1983). Phytopathology 73: 1536.

Falk, B.W. and Weathers, L.G. (1983). Phytopathology 73: 81.

Falk, B.W., Weathers, L.G. and Greer, F.C. (1981). Plant Dis. 65: 81.

Gaedigk, K., Adam, G. and Mundry, K.-W. (1986). J. gen. Virol. 67: 2763.

Hiebert, E. and Charudattan, R. (1984). Phytopathology 74: 642.

Hsu, H.T. (1978). Virology 84: 9.

Hsu, H.T. and Black, LM (1973). Virology 52: 187.

Hsu, H.T. and Black, LM (1973). Virology 52: 284.

Hsu, H.T. and Black, LM (1973). Phytopathology 63: 692.

Hsu, H.T. and Black, LM (1974). Virology 59: 331.

Hsu, H.T., McBeath, J.H. and Black, LM (1977). Virology 81: 257.

Hsu, H.T., Nuss, DL and Adam, G. (1983). Curr. Topics Vector Res. 1 189.

Jackson, AO and Christie, S.R. (1977). Virology 77: 344.

Knudson, DL and MacLeod, R. (1972). Virology 47: 285.

Liu, H.Y. and Black, LM (1978). Phytopathology 68: ;1243.

MacLeod, R. (1968). Virology 34: 771.

Nagaraj, AN. and Black, LM (1962). Virology 16: 152.

Reeder, Knudson, DL and MacLeod, R. (1972). Virology 50: 301.

Sinha, R.C. (1965). Virology 27; 118.

Whitcomb, R.F. (1965). Phytopathology 55: 746.

Younkins (1942). Am. Potato J. 19: 6.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 653 by G. Adam, 1991. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 35.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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