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01.062.0.04. Cytorhabdovirus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 01.062.0.04. Cytorhabdovirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Classification

This is a description of an invertebrate and plant virus at the genus level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 01.062.0.04. Virus accession number: 062004GE. Obsolete virus code: 62.0.4.; superceded accession number: 62040000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 11305.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): Plant Rhabdovirus group A. Virus is of the family 01.062. Rhabdoviridae; order 01. Mononegavirales.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. Virus capsid is enveloped. Virions are in unfixed preparations bullet-shaped, or when fixed prior to negative staining bacilliform, or pleomorphic. Virions measure 42-63.32-130 nm in diameter; 100-278.2-360 nm in length. Surface projections are distinctive, densely dispersed peplomers which are drumstick-shaped and cover evenly the surface. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The nucleocapsid is uncoiled filamentous, or if coiled straight cylindrical with cross-bands and herring-bone pattern. Axial canal is distinct; 14-20.5-35 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious, or obscure. Pitch of helix is 4.2-4.633-5.5 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions, or many virions.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in sucrose of 1.19-1.194-1.2 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 704-839.3-940 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 50-52.78-60°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 0.1-1.328-5 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 2, or 3-4, or 5-6. The infectivity is decreased by treatment with ether; lost when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 1% of the virion by weight. The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear negative-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain nucleic acid of host origin including host rRNA. The genome is sequenced, and complete sequence is about 10500-12340-14000 nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of 16.3 % guanine; 30.3 % adenine; 16.7 % cytosine; 36.6 % uracil.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 70% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 3 structural protein(s), or 5 structural protein(s), or 6 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are present and located in the envelope and protein (G that has a covalently associated fatty acid proximal to the lipid envelope). Virions are composed of 25% lipids by weight. The composition of viral lipids and host cell membranes are similar. The lipids are of host origin that derived from host cell membranes. Viral membranes include 55-60% phospholipids, sterols, and glycolipids.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells.

Translation: The genome replicates in the cytoplasm.

Replication cycle Virions accumulate in the cell cytoplasm.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae), or Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae)
Subclass COMMELINIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist, or vary seasonally, or disappear soon after infection.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation, or not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae, Delphacidae. Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; retained when the vector moults; replicates in the vector; transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector, or not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families, few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Annonaceae, Araliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Geraniaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae, Umbelliferae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Alopecurus aequalis, Alopecurus geniculatus, Alopecurus japonicus, Alopecurus pratensis, Annona muricata, Annona squamosa, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Apium graveolens, Apium graveolens var. rapaceum, Avena, Avena byzantina, Avena fatua, Avena sativa, Avena strigosa, Beckmannia syzigachne, Brachiaria miliiformis, Brassica oleracea, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera, Briza, Bromus, Bromus aleutensis, Bromus arvensis, Bromus mollis, Bromus rigidus, Calamagrostis epigejos, Capsicum annuum, Chenopodium quinoa, Chloris virgata, Cucumis melo, Dactylis, Dactylis glomerata, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Digitaria ciliaris, Digitaria decumbens, Digitaria sanguinalis, Dinebra retroflexa, Diplachne fusca, Echinochloa crus-galli, Eleusine indica, Elytrigia repens, Embergeria megalocarpa, Eragrostis cilianensis, Eragrostis multicaulis, Eragrostis pilosa, Eragrostis poaeoides, Festuca elatior, Festuca gigantea, Fragaria chiloensis, Fragaria vesca, Fragaria vesca var. semperflorens, Fragaria virginiana, Fragaria x ananassa, Gomphrena globosa, Hedera helix, Holcus lanatus, Hordeum, Hordeum vulgare, Lactuca sativa, Lactuca serriola, Lagurus, Lolium, Lolium multiflorum, Lolium perenne, Lolium vulgare, Lycopersicon esculentum, Matthiola incana, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana glutinosa x N. clevelandii, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Panicum, Panicum bisulcatum, Panicum maximum, Pelargonium peltatum, Pelargonium zonale, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Petunia x hybrida, Phleum paniculatum, Physalis floridana, Pisum sativum, Poa, Poa annua, Polypogon fugax, Raphanus, Reichardia tingitana, Rollinia deliciosa, Sanguisorba minor, Secale, Secale cereale, Setaria faberi, Setaria italica, Setaria viridis, Sonchus hydrophilus, Sonchus oleraceus, Spinacia oleracea, Trisetum, Triticum, Triticum aestivum, Triticum compactum, Triticum durum, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata, Zea, Zea mays.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, or Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Agrostis palustris, Antirrhinum majus, Beta vulgaris, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Brassica oleracea var. acephala, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Bromus inermis, Calendula officinalis, Callistephus chinensis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Chloris gayana, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cynodon dactylon, Dactylis glomerata, Datura stramonium, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa colona, Echinochloa crus-galli, Eleusine coracana, Eleusine indica, Festuca ovina, Festuca pratensis, Festuca rubra, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Lactuca sativa, Leersia japonica, Leptochloa filiformis, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Oryza sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phleum pratense, Physalis peruviana, Pisum sativum, Poa compressa, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Setaria faberi, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum vulgare, Spinacia oleracea, Sporobolus elongatus, Trifolium subterraneum, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata, Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.

Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm, or perinuclear space.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells, or not present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are membranous bodies, or viroplasma. Inclusions contain mature virions, or do not contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in Africa, or Eurasia, or the Mediterranean, or the Middle East, or North America, or Australasia and Pacific Islands, or South and Central Americas. The virus occurs in Argentina, or Australia, or Belgium, or Brazil, or Bulgaria, or Canada, or Chile, or China, or Czechoslovakia (former), or France, or Germany, or Iran, or Israel, or Italy, or Japan, or Morocco, or the Netherlands, or New Zealand (Aotearoa), or Poland, or South Africa, or Spain, or the United Kingdom, or the United States of America, or the USSR (former), or Yugoslavia.

Taxonomic Structure of the Genus

Type species 01.062.0.04.001. Lettuce necrotic yellows virus .

Species in the Genus

List of Species in the Genus.
Tentative Species in the Genus.

Data Sources and Contributions

The description has been compiled from data in the ICTV Report presented by Wunner WH, Calisher CH, Dietzgen RG, Jackson AO, Kitajima EW, Lafon M, Leong JC, Nichol S, Peters D, Smith JS, Walker PJ.

References

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.
A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 244.

Taxonomic Proposals and Changes

In addition to unassigned viruses, two genera of plant rhabdoviruses have been established. The viruses are primarily distinguished on the basis of the sites of virus maturation (cytoplasm: Cytorhabdovirus; nucleus: Nucleorhabdovirus). However, exceptions exist and the significance of this property is not known. The interrelationships of the different plant viruses within or between the two genera or with the unassigned plant viruses have yet to be established at the genetic level. A wide variety of plants are susceptible to plant rhabdoviruses although each virus usually has a restricted host range. Most of the plant rhabdoviruses are transmitted by leafhoppers, planthoppers, or aphids, although mite- and lacebug- transmitted viruses (one each) have also been identified. Some viruses are transmitted in contaminated sap. In all carefully examined cases, viruses have been shown to replicate in the insect vector as well as in the plant host.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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