[Home] [ICTV Taxonomy - Index of Viruses] [Virus Descriptions] [Character List] [Picture Gallery]
[Tutorial] [Online Data Retrieval & Identification] [Virus Isolate Registration & Submission] [Search]
Descriptions are generated automatically from the ICTVdB database including links. Some descriptions are only very basic and links may point to documents that are not yet published on the Web.

01.062.0.04.001. Lettuce necrotic yellows virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 01.062.0.04.001. Lettuce necrotic yellows virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Victoria; Australia.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Lactuca sativa.

Natural host and symptoms
Lactuca sativa — leaves first dull green, then chlorotic, outer leaves flaccid, bronzed and sometimes necrotic; plants stunted, and late infected plants have heads with internal necrosis.

Sonchus oleraceus, S. hydrophilus, Reichardia tingitana, Embergeria megalocarpa — symptomless.

Reference to Isolation Report
Stubbs et al. (1963).

Classification

This is a description of a plant and invertebrate virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 01.062.0.04.001. Virus accession number: 62004001. Obsolete virus code: 62.0.4.0.001; superceded accession number: 62040001.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 32612.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

ICTV approved acronym: LNYV. Virus is the type of the genus Cytorhabdovirus in the family 01.062. Rhabdoviridae; order 01. Mononegavirales.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. Virus capsid is enveloped. Virions are in unfixed preparations bullet-shaped, or bacilliform (when fixed prior to negative staining), or pleomorphic. Virions measure 52 nm in diameter (in tissue sections), or 66 nm in diameter (in negative stain, 227 nm in length (in negative stain), or 360 nm in length (in tissue sections). Surface projections are densely dispersed, distinctive spikes that cover evenly the surface. Nucleocapsid is elongated and exhibits helical symmetry. The nucleocapsid is uncoiled filamentous, or cylindrical (coiled, is cross-banded and has a herring-bone pattern. Axial canal is distinct. Basic helix is obscure. Pitch of helix is 4.2-4.7 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions, or many virions. Aldehyde fixation necessary. Reference for electron microscopic methods: McLean and Francki (1967).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in sucrose of 1.19-1.2 g cm-3. The density of virions is in Nycodenz, c. 1.135 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 940 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 52°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 0.3-1 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 2. The infectivity is decreased by treatment with ether; lost when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 1% of the virion by weight. The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear negative-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 12540 nucleotides long, is fully or partially sequenced, complete sequence is 125400 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number

[L24364] Em(40)_vi:LYLRNAA Gb(84)_vi:LYLRNAA Lettuce necrotic yellows virus RNA, 3' UTR. 5/94 84bp.
[L24365] Em(40)_vi:LYLRNAB Gb(84)_vi:LYLRNAB Lettuce necrotic yellows virus RNA, 5' UTR. 6/94 187bp.
[L30103] Em(43)_vi:Rhwnupr Gb(89)_vi:Rhwnupr Lettuce necrotic yellows virus nucleocapsid gene, complete cds. 1/95 1,533bp.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 70% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 5 structural protein(s) (Laemmli, 1970).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Francki et al. (1975).

Lipids

Lipids are present. Virions are composed of 25% lipids by weight. The lipids are of host origin.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells (Randles et al., 1972)).

Replication cycle Virions accumulate in the cell cytoplasm.

Antigenicity

The virus does not show serological relationships to sowthistle yellow vein virus.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist, or disappear soon after infection (symptomless).

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seeds.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Hyperomyzus lactucae. Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; retained when the vector moults; replicates in the vector; transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Datura stramonium, Embergeria megalocarpa, Gomphrena globosa, Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana glutinosa x N. clevelandii, Petunia x hybrida, Reichardia tingitana, Sonchus hydrophilus, Sonchus oleraceus, Spinacia oleracea.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Compositae, Cruciferae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Nicotiana tabacum, Trifolium subterraneum, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata, Zinnia elegans.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Lactuca sativa — systemic yellowing, leaf malformation.

Datura stramonium — faint systemic interveinal chlorosis.

Nicotiana glutinosa — chlorotic local lesions; systemic yellowing, rugosity, leaf malformation.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Lactuca sativa, Nicotiana glutinosa.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Nicotiana glutinosa.

References to host data: Stubbs et al. (1963).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in mesophyll, epidermis, xylem, phloem and hair cells. Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are membranous bodies. Inclusions contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Australia. The virus is found, but with no evidence of proliferation, in New Zealand.

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Randles (1983).

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Severe (SE 3) and mild strains reported.

References

Chu, P.WG and Francki, RIB. (1982). Ann appl. Biol. 100: 149.

Crowley, N.C., Harrison, BD and Francki, RIB. (1965). Virology 26: 290.

Dale, J.L. and Peters, D. (1981). Intervirology 16: 86.

Francki, RIB. and Randles, J.W. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 26, 4 pp.

Francki, RIB. and Randles, J.W. (1975). In: Negative stranded viruses, p. 223. Academic Press.

Francki, RIB., Randles, J.W. and Dietzgen, R.G. (1989). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 343, 5 pp.

McLean, GD and Francki, RIB. (1967). Virology 31: 585.

Randles, J.W. (1983). In: Current Topics in Vector Research, Vol. 1, p. 169; ed. K.F. Harris. Praeger Scientific, New York.

Randles, J.W. and Coleman, D.F. (1972). Physiol. Pl. Path. 2: 247.

Stubbs, L.L. and Grogan, R.G. (1963). Aust. J. agric. Res. 14: 439.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 441 by J.W. Randles, 1980. Revised 1987.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 26.



Limit search to: Title & Body Title Document Path
Show Reverse Sort

DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

ICTVdB and DELTA related References

Comments to ICTVdB Management
Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
Copyright © 2002    International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.    All rights reserved.


Additional access points to virus species lists, descriptions and images on the web:

Species catalogue                     iSpecies.org - a species search engine           a species search engine

Google Analytics      Google Analytics: activity view