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01.025.0.01. Marburgvirus
Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006).
01.025.0.01. Marburgvirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database,
version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA
Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/
This is a description of a
vertebrate virus at the genus level.
ICTVdB Virus Code: 01.025.0.01. Virus accession number:
025001GE. Obsolete virus code: 25.0.1.; superceded accession number: 25010000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID:
186537.
Name, Synonyms and Lineage
Alternative name:
"Marburg-like viruses". Synonym(s): Filovirus. Virus is of the family
01.025.
Filoviridae; order
01.
Mononegavirales.
Virions consist of an envelope, a nucleocapsid, a
polymerase complex, and a matrix protein. Virus capsid is enveloped. Virions are
filamentous, or pleomorphic, flexible with extensive branching. U- or 6-shaped and
circular forms occur particularly after purification. Virions
measure about 80 nm in diameter; greatly variable up to 1400 nm
in length, or 790 nm in length (after purification). Surface projections are
spaced widely apart distinctive knob-shaped peplomers
that cover evenly the surface and are embedded in a lipid
bilayer which is comprises surface glycoproteins (GP). Surface projections are composed of one type of protein,
are 10 nm long and are spaced 10 nm apart
Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical
symmetry.
The nucleocapsid is helical, cross-striated and has a width of 50 nm. Axial
canal is distinct and 20 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious. Pitch of helix is
5 nm.
Morphologically aberrant forms are observed (after centrifugation).
Electron micrograph of Marburgvirus courtesy of Russell
Regnery, Ph.D., DVRD, NCID, CDC.
Negative stain image of an isolate of Marburg
virus, showing filamentous particles as well as the characteristic "Shepherd's
Crook". Magnification approximately 100,000 times. Source:
www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/images/pix/pathimag/Marburg-emb.jpg.
Additional electron micrographs of Filoviridae can be viewed in the Picture Gallery
The molecular mass (Mr) of virions is 382 x 106.
Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.32 g cm-3 (for
nucleocapsids). The density of virions is 1.14 g cm-3 (in
potassium tartrate gradient). The sedimentation coefficient is 1.4
S20w (for longer particles it is very high). The thermal
inactivation point (TIP) is at about 60°C (after 30 min). Under in
vitro conditions virions are relatively stable when stored at 15°C to
20°C; sensitivecanal is distinct; acid environment of pH 5 (hypochlorite,
sensitivecanal is distinct; alkaline environment of pH 8 (quaternary ammonium salt).
Virions are sensitive to treatment with lipid solvents, phenol (phenolic
disinfectants), formaldehyde, and ß-propiolactone. The infectivity is
reduced after exposure to irradiation (UV and gamma irradiation).
The Mr
of the genome constitutes 1.1% of the virion by weight. The genome is not
segmented and contains a single molecule of linear
negative-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete
genome is 19100 nucleotides long. The RNA is is about 19100 nucleotides long.
Nucleotide sequences at the 3'-terminus are complementary to similar
regions on the 5' end. The 5'-end of the negative-sense strand does not
have a covalently attached terminal protein; genome does not have cap. The
3'-terminus has conserved nucleotide sequences (leader, in genera of same
family. The 3'-terminus has no poly (A) tract.
GenBank records for
nucleotide sequences;
complete genome sequences.
The viral
genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist
of 5 structural protein(s) located in the envelope (surface
glycoprotein), nucleocapsid (NP), polymerase complex (transcriptase-polymerase
component and RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase-polymerase), matrix.
Structural Proteins: Envelope protein GP has a
molecular mass of 74800 Da. Envelope protein has a function assigned; is a
glycoprotein and forming the viral spikes (in the form of trimers, during
post-translational processing envelope protein modifications occur that include
glycosylation. Nucleocapsid protein NP; has a molecular mass of 77900
Da; is binding to the genomic RNA. Nucleocapsid protein VP30 has a
molecular mass of 31500 Da. Matrix protein VP40; has a molecular mass
of 31700 Da. Matrix protein is a transmembrane protein, or a membrane-associated
protein. Matrix protein VP24; has a molecular mass of 28800 Da. Matrix
protein is presumably transmembrane protein, or membrane-associated protein.
Lipids are
present and located in the envelope. The composition of viral
lipids and host cell membranes are similar. The lipids are of host origin
and are derived from plasma membranes.
Genome Organization and Replication
Natural Host
Virus infects during its life cycle a single type of vertebrate host.
Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.
Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Animalia.
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata.
Phylum Vertebrata
Subphylum Vertebrata; Class Mammalia.
Class Mammalia
Order Primates;
Family
Hominidae.
Virus infects Homo sapiens (human).
Type species 01.025.0.01.001.
Marburg virus .
List of Species in the
Genus.
Data Sources and
Contributions
The
following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
PubMed References.
Taxonomic Proposals and Changes
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