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00.111.0.01.001. Cherry rasp leaf virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.111.0.01.001. Cherry rasp leaf virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Prunus avium.

Natural host and symptoms
Prunus avium, P. mahaleb — affected cherry branches are very frost sensitive (Bodine et al., 1951; Hansen et al., 1974; Wagnon et al., 1968) enations, stunting.

Prunus persica — enations, stunting, decline.

Malus sylvestris — enations, flat fruit.

Balsamorhiza sagittata, Taraxacum officinale, Plantago major — symptomless.

Reference to Isolation Report
Bodine and Newton (1942).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.111.0.01.001. Virus accession number: 11101001. Obsolete virus code: 00.018.0.83.003.; 18.0.3.T.003; superceded accession number: 18083003; 1803t003.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 202566.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

The taxon has the accepted ICTV name.

Synonym(s): flat apple virus. ICTV approved acronym: CRLV. Virus is the type species of the genus 00.111.0.01. Cheravirus in the family 00.018. Comoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 30 nm. Capsids appear hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Reference for electron microscopic methods: Stace-Smith and Hansen (1976).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 3 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is of the fastest 128 S20w (B, of the other(s) are 96 S20w (M), or 56 S20w (T). The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 58°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 7 days (at 4°C). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 4 (Stace-Smith and Hansen, 1976).

Nucleic Acid

The genome is segmented; bipartite, segements are distributed among 2 particle types of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 13300 nucleotides long. Genome is sequenced, complete sequence is about 6500 nucleotides long, is sequenced, but only an estimate is available, complete sequence is 4800 nucleotides long. The multipartite genome is divided among different particles, each segment encapsidated separately and the segments are distributed between 2 different types of particles. The smallest particles contain no nucleic acid and are found in the top (sedimenting component T) band after sedimentation.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 2 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Stace-Smith and Hansen (1976).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

The virus does not show serological relationships to tobacco ringspot, tomato ringspot, cherry leaf roll, peach rosette mosaic, raspberry ringspot, tomato black ring and arabis mosaic viruses (Hansen et al., 1974).

Cherry rasp leaf differs from Eola raspleaf and other cherry diseases that cause leaf enations.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by seeds (10-20%).

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by nematodes; family Dorylamidae; Xiphinema americana (Nyland et al., 1969; Hansen et al., 1974).

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Plantaginaceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Balsamorhiza sagittata, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis sativus, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Malus sylvestris, Physalis floridana, Plantago major, Prunus avium, Prunus mahaleb, Prunus persica, Sesbania exaltata, Taraxacum officinale, Vigna unguiculata.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of necrotic or chlorotic local lesions, systemic mottle.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Cucumis sativus — chlorotic local lesions; systemic mottle.

Cyamopsis tetragonoloba — necrotic local lesions; not systemic.

Chenopodium quinoa — mottle and vein clearing.

Chenopodium amaranticolor — systemic mottle.

Vigna unguiculata, Physalis floridana, Sesbania exaltata — local lesions but unreliable.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis sativus.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Cucumis sativus (L), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L).

References to host data: Hansen et al. (1974).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in parenchyma and plasmodesmata (Stace-Smith and Hansen, 1976). Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Inclusions are tubular structures. Inclusions contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in North America and Australasia and Pacific Islands. The virus occurs in Canada, New Zealand (Aotearoa), South Africa, and the United States of America. The virus is found, but with no evidence of proliferation, in the U.K. (Jones et al., 1985), China, Australia and New Zealand and possibly South Africa. Prunus avium raspleaf symptoms have been found in many countries associated with one or another of seven viruses (Hansen et al., 1974).

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Luepschen et al. (1974, Wagnon et al. (1968, Parish and Cheney (1974).

References

Bodine, E.W. and Newton, N. (1942). Phytopathology 31: 333.

Bodine, E.W., Blodgett, E.C. and Lott, T.B. (1951). Hdbk. U.S. Dep. Agric. 10: 71.

Hansen, AJ., Nyland, G., McElroy, F.D. and Stace-Smith, R. (1974). Phytopathology 64: 721.

Jones, AT, Mayo, MA and Henderson, SJ (1985). Ann. appl. Biol. 106: 101.

Luepschen, N.S., Harder, H.H., Rohrback, K.G. and Sisson, MA (1974). Pl. Dis. Reptr 58: 26.

Nyland, G., Lownsbery, BF., Lowe, S.K. and Mitchell, J.F. (1969). Phytopathology 59: 1111.

Parish, C.L. and Cheney, P.W. (1974). Proc. Am. phytopath. Soc. 1: 52.

Stace-Smith, R. and Hansen, AJ. (1976). Acta Hort. 67: 193.

Stace-Smith, R. and Hansen, AJ. (1976). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 159, 4 pp.

Wagnon, H.F., Traylor, J., Willams, H.E. and Weiner, AC. (1968). Pl. Dis. Reptr 52: 618.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References. A description of this taxon in VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 200 by A.J. Hansen, 1986. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 159.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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