[Home] [ICTV Taxonomy - Index of Viruses] [Virus Descriptions] [Character List] [Picture Gallery]
[Tutorial] [Online Data Retrieval & Identification] [Virus Isolate Registration & Submission] [Search]
Descriptions are generated automatically from the ICTVdB database including links. Some descriptions are only very basic and links may point to documents that are not yet published on the Web.

00.088.0.01.001. Beet necrotic yellow vein virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.088.0.01.001. Beet necrotic yellow vein virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Italy.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Beta vulgaris.

Natural host and symptoms
Beta vulgaris — rootlet proliferation from main tap root; necrosis of vascular bundle; rootlet necrosis; stunting or death of infected plant. Occasional bright yellow invasive chlorotic local lesions form on veins in the head.

Beta macrocarpa,

Spinacia oleracea.

Reference to Isolation Report
Canova (1966, Matsuda et al. (1965, Tamada (1975).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.088.0.01.001. Virus accession number: 88001001. Obsolete virus code: 27.0.1.T.007; superceded accession number: 2701t007.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 31721.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): possibly beet yellow vein virus. ICTV approved acronym: BNYVV. Virus is the type species. Virus is of the genus 00.088.0.01. Benyvirus; not assigned to a family.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component. The capsid is rod-shaped, straight (and fragile, has a herring-bone pattern. Segments have different predominant lengths with clear predominate lengths with a length of 390 nm; 265 nm; 100 nm; 70 nm; width of about 20 nm. Axial canal is distinct. Basic helix is obvious. Pitch of helix is 2.6 nm. The nucleocapsid CP is segmented.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Putz and Kuszala (1978).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 4 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations, or 5 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations (in some Japanese isolates). The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 65-70°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 5-8 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 4-5. The infectivity is retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 5% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented and multipartite. Segments are distributed over several particles of varying size, depending on the length of the genome enclosed. The genome consists of four segments of, or five segments of (in some Japanese isolates, linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are not found in virions. The complete genome is 14600 nucleotides long (excluding poly(A) tails). Sequence can be accessed from GenBank. The RNA-1 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 6750 nucleotides long. NCBI reference genome has the accession number
[NC_003514]. RNA-2 is fully sequenced. Complete sequence is 4610 nucleotides long and encodes the readthrough 75k protein that produces pot. 54k and coat protein; the transport proteins of 15k; 42k and 13k; the 14k protein which has no function assigned. NCBI reference genome has the accession number [NC_003515]. RNA-3 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 1774 nucleotides long and encodes a 25k protein. NCBI reference genome has the accession number [NC_003516]. RNA-4 has been fully sequenced, complete sequence is 1465 nucleotides long and encodes 31k protein. Has the NCBI reference sequence accession number [NC_003517]. RNA-5 has been fully sequenced, complete sequence is 1320 nucleotides long (in some Japanese isolates), encodes 26kDa protein has the accession number [NC_003513]. The genome has a base ratio of 24 % guanine; 26 % adenine; 15 % cytosine; 34 % uracil. The 5'-terminus has a long non-coding region; is 445 nucleotides in length and has a methylated nucleotide cap; 5'-end of the genome has of RNA-3 and RNA-4 unusually long non-coding regions; they are 445 (RNA-3) and 379 (RNA-4) nucleotides long; cap sequence type is m7GpppA. The 3'-terminus has a poly (A) tract 65-140 nucleotides in length. The 3'-terminus has no tRNA-like structure. The multipartite genome is divided among more than one type of particle and the segments are distributed between 2 different types of particles. The largest particles contain RNA-1. The medium sized particles contain RNA-2. The smallest particles contain deletion mutants in the shortest particles. Reference to nucleotide sequence Bouzoubaa et al. (1985, 1986, isolation method by Richards: phenol extraction.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 95% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Putz (1977).

Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been identified by sequence analysis and 7 non-structural protein(s) are found. The virus codes for read-through polypeptides, movement proteins, replication-associated proteins, transmission helper proteins, interacting with the vector, and symptom enhancing proteins. In addition to the polymerase, the virus codes for enzymes such as papain-like protease, helicase, methyl-transferase, and replicase. The non-structural protein is associated with the capsid; proteins function in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Non-structural protein is translated from the first AUG at position 154; has a molecular mass of 237 kDa. The protein is coded from RNA-1 of ORF1; a replication-associated protein and possesses a its N-terminal part a methyltransferase motif (Mt), at the central part a helicase (Hel) and a papain-like protease motif (Prot), and at its C-terminal part a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) motif. Non-structural protein is translated from the downstream AUG at position 496 onwards has a molecular mass of 220 kDa. The protein of ORF2. The protein is a replication-associated protein possesses a its N-terminal part a methyltransferase motif (Mt), at the central part a helicase (Hel) and a papain-like protease motif (Prot), and at its C-terminal part a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) motif. Non-structural protein cell to cell movement protein; has a molecular mass of 13, 15, and 42 kDa. The protein is coded from RNA-2; of ORF5-ORF7. The protein is presumably viral movement; possesses helicase motif. Non-structural protein CP read-through; the protein is coded from RNA-2 of ORF3. Its role is initiating encapsidation and enabling transmission (at the C-terminal part).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is infectious.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells. The genome expression is based on RNA production which can be analyzed by the dsRNA patterns found in the infected tissues. Usually there are 4 virus specified dsRNA species found in infected cells.

Antigenicity

The virus does not show serological relationships to Peanut clump, potato mop-top and soil-borne wheat mosaic viruses.

RNA 3 and 4 components from different strains produce different symptom phenotypes: YS (yellow spot) RNA 1+2+3+4. CS (chlorotic spot) and CR (chlorotic ring): RNA 1+2+4. NS (necrotic spot) RNA 1+2+deleted RNAs. P42, P13 and P15 are homologous to genes in carlaviruses, potexviruses and barley stripe mosaic virus.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass CARYOPHYLLIDAE.

General Symptoms in Plants Symptoms rootlet proliferation, necrosis, stunting or death.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by fungi; of the order Plasmodiophorales; Polymyxa betae. Virus is not transmitted by Polymyxa graminis, Myzus persicae, Acyrthosiphon (Aulacorthum) solani.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Tetragoniaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Beta macrocarpa, Beta patellaris, Beta vulgaris, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Gomphrena globosa, Spinacia oleracea, Tetragonia tetragonioides.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of chlorotic local lesions.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, or Cucurbitaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Pedaliaceae, or Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae (14 /14). Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Amaranthus retroflexus, Antirrhinum majus, Arachis hypogaea, Astragalus sinicus, Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. napus, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Capsicum annuum, Celosia cristata, Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita moschata, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Glycine max, Hordeum vulgare, Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Oryza sativa, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis floridana, Pisum sativum, Raphanus sativus, Secale cereale, Senecio vulgaris, Sesamum indicum, Solanum nigrum, Solanum tuberosum, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia faba, Vicia sativa, Vicia villosa, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis , Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Beta vulgaris — rootlet proliferation from main tap root; necrosis of vascular bundle; rootlet necrosis; stunting or death of infected plant. Occasional bright yellow invasive chlorotic local lesions form in veins.

Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Tetragonia tetragonioides — chlorotic local lesions.

Beta macrocarpa, Spinacia oleracea — chlorotic local lesions, chlorotic mottle, yellow mosaic and flecks; systemic infection. Plants become stunted and die prematurely.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Chenopodium quinoa, Tetragonia tetragonioides.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Chenopodium quinoa (L), Tetragonia tetragonioides (L).

References to host data: Tamada and Baba (1973).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in roots of Beta vulgaris. Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are not present in infected cells.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide (where there are major sugarbeet industries). The virus spreads in East Asia, Eurasia, the Mediterranean, and North America. The virus occurs in Austria, or Belgium, or Bulgaria, or China, or Czechoslovakia (former), or France, or Germany, or Greece, or Hungary, or Italy, or Japan, or Mongolia, or the Netherlands, or Poland, or Romania, or Saint Vincent and Grenadines, or Switzerland, or Turkey, or the United Kingdom, or the United States of America, or the USSR (former), or Yugoslavia. The virus is found, but with no evidence of proliferation, in the U.K.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

YS, CS, CR and NS.

References

Brunt, A.A. and Richards, K.E. (1989). Adv. Virus Res. 36: 1.

Brunt, A.A. and Shikata, E. (1986). In: The Plant Viruses, Vol. 2, The Rod-Shaped Plant Viruses, p. 385; eds M.H.V. van Regenmortel and H. Fraenkel-Conrat Plenum Press, New York.

Bouzoubaa, S., Quillet, L., Guilley, H., Jonard, G. and Richards, K. (1987). J. gen. Virol. 68: 615.

Canova, A (1966). Inf. Fitopatol. 16: 235.

Hill, S.A. and Torrance, L. (1989). Pl. Path. 38: 114.

Masuda, T., Kagawa, K. and Kanzawa, K. (1969). Bull. Sugar Beet Res. Suppl. 11: 77.

Morozov, S.Y., Dolja, V.V. and Atabekov, JG (1989). J. Mol. Evol. 29: 52.

Putz, C. (1977). J. gen. Virol. 35: 397.

Putz, C. and Kuszala, M. (1978). Annls. Phytopath. 10: 247.

Quillet, L., Guilley, H., Jonard, G. and Richards, K. (1989). Virology 172: 293.

Steven, AC., Trus, BL., Putz, C. and Wurtz, M. (1981). Virology 113: 428.

Tamada, T. (1975). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 144, 4 pp.

Tamada, T. and Abe, H. (1989). J. gen. Virol. 70: 3391.

Tamada, T. and Baba, T. (1973). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 39: 325.

Tamada, T. and Kusumi, T. (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 1497.

Tamada, T., Shirako, Y., Abe, H., Saito, M., Kiguchi, T. and Harada, T. (1989). J. gen. Virol. 70: 3399.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 86 by K.E. Richards, 1991. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 391; at the University of Nebraska Lincoln. A World Wide Web tutorial on this virus is provided by the at the University of Colorado.

Contributor

Data have been submitted online to ICTVdB by
Brunt AA

Taxonomic Proposals and Changes

A taxonomic proposal has been submitted to the ICTV by the Plant Virus Subcommittee, Study Group for Furovirus at the meeting in Strasburg, April 1997, to change the position of the taxon. The proposal has been approved by postal ballot following discussions, the taxon has been removed from the Genus Furovirus and designated as Type Species in the genus Benyvirus.

Images

Taxon images: • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama. • AAB DPV 391 Tamada, Okayama University,Kurashiki, Okayama.



Limit search to: Title & Body Title Document Path
Show Reverse Sort

DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

ICTVdB and DELTA related References

Comments to ICTVdB Management
Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
Copyright © 2002    International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.    All rights reserved.


Additional access points to virus species lists, descriptions and images on the web:

Species catalogue                     iSpecies.org - a species search engine           a species search engine

Google Analytics      Google Analytics: activity view