[Home] [ICTV Taxonomy - Index of Viruses] [Virus Descriptions] [Character List] [Picture Gallery]
[Tutorial] [Online Data Retrieval & Identification] [Virus Isolate Registration & Submission] [Search]
Descriptions are generated automatically from the ICTVdB database including links. Some descriptions are only very basic and links may point to documents that are not yet published on the Web.

00.078.0.01. Umbravirus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.078.0.01. Umbravirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the genus level (not yet assigned to a family).

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.078.0.01. Virus accession number: 078001GE. Obsolete virus code: 78.0.1.; superceded accession number: 78010000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 39734.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): 78. Carrot mottle virus group. Virus is not assigned to a family.

Virion Properties

Enveloped structures occur in vacuoles of infected cells, but no conventional virus structure have been found. Particles contain nucleic acid. Virus relies for encapisadtion and transmittion on the vector of the helper virus and virus relies on the coat protein (CP) from a helper virus, characteristically from a virus in the family (Luteoviridae).

Virion Properties

Morphology

No true particles are found, but vesicles containing viral matter are recovered that consist of a nucleoprotein complex. During their life cycle, virions have not been observed outside a cellular environment. Virions measure 50-70-90 nm in diameter.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.15 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 270 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 55-62.5-70°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 0.2-1.533-2 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 2, or 3. The infectivity is decreased by treatment with ether, or not changed by treatment with ether; retained when deproteinized with proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA and satellite RNA, that is mRNA including satellite RNA. The complete genome is 4203-5284-6900 nucleotides long. Genome is sequenced, but only an estimate is available, complete sequence is 2050-3667-4750 nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of 27 % guanine; 25 % adenine; 25.5 % cytosine; 22.4 % uracil. The 3'-terminus has presumably no poly (A) tract.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes prehaps structural proteins and non-structural proteins, or structural proteins. Virions consist of 15 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are present and located in the vesicles encapsidating the viral nucleic acid.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is infectious.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells. The genome expression is based on RNA production which can be analyzed by the dsRNA patterns found in the infected tissues. Usually there are 2 virus specified dsRNA species found in infected cells. Size of largest virus specified dsRNA 4.2 kbp. 2nd largest 1.5 kbp.

Translation: The genome replicates in the cytoplasm.

Virions are associated with helper virus and dependent on co-infection of helper virus during replication, or are associated with helper virus, but independent from its functions during replication. Virion acts as helper for a satellite virus.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ROSIDAE, or ASTERIDAE; Order Fabales, or Apiales.

General Symptoms in Plants Virus affects the vascular system and photosynthetic system. Symptoms are expressed in the leaf.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist, or vary seasonally.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae. Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; retained when the vector moults; does not replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; requires, for vector transmission, a helper virus.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families, several families, few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae, Umbelliferae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Anethum graveolens, Anthriscus cerefolium, Anthriscus sylvestris, Apium graveolens, Arachis hypogaea, Beta vulgaris, Brassica campestris ssp. napus, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium capitatum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Coriandrum sativum, Datura stramonium, Daucus carota, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Helianthus annuus, Hyoscyamus niger, Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana glutinosa x N. clevelandii, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana x edwardsonii, Petroselinum crispum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis floridana, Pisum sativum, Spinacia oleracea, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium repens, Vicia faba, Vicia sativa.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, or Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Malvaceae, Solanaceae, Umbelliferae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Abelmoschus esculentus, Anthriscus cerefolium, Apium graveolens, Beta macrocarpa, Beta vulgaris, Brassica campestris, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica juncea, Calendula officinalis, Catharanthus roseus, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Cichorium endiva, Conium maculatum, Coriandrum sativum, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Datura stramonium, Daucus carota, Gomphrena globosa, Hyoscyamus niger, Lactuca sativa, Lathyrus odoratus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Medicago sativa, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana tabacum, Pastinaca sativa, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis floridana, Pisum sativum, Raphanus sativus, Sonchus oleraceus, Vicia faba, Vigna subterranea, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica, Zinnia elegans.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are membranous bodies. Inclusions do not contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in Africa. The virus occurs in Australia, or Canada, or Germany, or Japan, or Kenya, or Malawi, or New Zealand (Aotearoa), or Tanzania, or the United Kingdom, or the United States of America, or Zimbabwe.

Taxonomic Structure of the Genus

Type species 00.078.0.01.001. Carrot mottle virus .

Species in the Genus

List of Species in the Genus.

Data Sources and Contributions

The description has been compiled from data in the ICTV Report presented by Murant AF, Robinson DJ, Gibbs MJ.

References

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.



Limit search to: Title & Body Title Document Path
Show Reverse Sort

DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

ICTVdB and DELTA related References

Comments to ICTVdB Management
Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
Copyright © 2002    International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.    All rights reserved.


Additional access points to virus species lists, descriptions and images on the web:

Species catalogue                     iSpecies.org - a species search engine           a species search engine

Google Analytics      Google Analytics: activity view