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00.078.0.01.004.00.001. Carrot mottle virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.078.0.01.004.00.001. Carrot mottle virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Isolate designation: UK strain.
Location: England; the United Kingdom.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Daucus carota.

Natural host and symptoms
Daucus carota, Anethum graveolens, Anthriscus sylvestris — symptomless but, with CRLV, induces yellowing and reddening.

Reference to Isolation Report
Watson et al. (1964).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the strain level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.078.0.01.004. Virus accession number: 78001004.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 68033.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): carrot motley dwarf virus (Stubbs, 1948; 1952). Acronym(s): CMoV. Virus is assigned to species 00.078.0.01.004. Carrot mottle virus of the genus 00.078.0.01. Umbravirus; not assigned to a family.

Virion Properties

Enveloped structures occur in vacuoles of infected cells, but no conventional virus structure have been found. Particles contain nucleic acid. Virus relies for encapisadtion and transmittion on the vector of the helper virus and virus relies on the coat protein (CP) from a helper virus, characteristically from a virus in the family (Luteoviridae).

Virion Properties

Morphology

No true particles are found, but vesicles containing viral matter are recovered that consist of a nucleoprotein complex. During their life cycle, virions have not been observed outside a cellular environment.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Reference for electron microscopic methods: Murant et al. (1969).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.15 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 270 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 70°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 0.2-1 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 4750 nucleotides long. Genome is sequenced, but only an estimate is available, complete sequence is 4750 nucleotides long.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes prehaps structural proteins and non-structural proteins, or structural proteins.

Lipids

Lipids are present and located in the vesicles encapsidating the viral nucleic acid.

Translation: Virions are associated with helper virus, but independent from its functions during replication.

Antigenicity

CMotV resembles viruses such as lettuce speckles mottle and groundnut rosette and other sap-transmitted components of luteovirus-containing virus symbioses; the name umbravirus has been proposed for these viruses. Preliminary sequence information indicates a relationship with the carmo/tombus/luteovirus cluster (M.J. Gibbs, unpublished text).

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are Lettuce speckles mottle virus infects manually inoculated lettuce, CMotV does not.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ROSIDAE; Order Apiales;
Family Apiaceaee . Virus found in Daucus carota (carrot) [TaxID 4039].

General Symptoms in Plants Virus affects the photosynthetic system. Symptoms are expressed in the leaf include chlorosis and development of patterns or markings that are visible in the intercostal regions. Intercostal regions show chlorosis. Leaves with mottle.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Cavariella aegopodii. Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; retained when the vector moults; does not replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; requires, for vector transmission, a helper virus (carrot red leaf virus).

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae, Umbelliferae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Anethum graveolens, Anthriscus sylvestris, Apium graveolens, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium capitatum, Chenopodium quinoa, Coriandrum sativum, Daucus carota, Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica, Petroselinum crispum, Phaseolus vulgaris.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of local lesions, mottling.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Compositae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Lactuca sativa.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Chenopodium quinoa — local lesions.

Nicotiana clevelandii — systemic vein etching.

Phaseolus vulgaris cv. 'The Prince' — brown local lesions.

Coriandrum sativum — systemic mottle. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Lactuca sativa.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Nicotiana clevelandii.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Chenopodium quinoa (L, Nicotiana clevelandii (W, Phaseolus vulgaris (L).

References to host data: Waterhouse (1981, Watson et al. (1964, Murant et al. (1969, 1973, Murant (1975, Frowd and Tomlinson (1972).

Cytopathology: Other cellular changes include outgrowths from plasmodesmatal, seen by light microscopy.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, New Zealand (Aotearoa), the United Kingdom, and the United States of America.

Comments

Carrot motley dwarf virus (Stubbs, 1948; 1952) is a complex of carrot red leaf and carrot mottle viruses.

References

Frowd, J.A. and Tomlinson, J.A. (1972). Ann. appl. Biol. 72: 177.

Halk, E.L., Robinson, D.J. and Murant, AF (1979). J. gen. Virol. 45: 383.

Murant, AF (1974). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 137, 4 pp.

Murant, AF (1975). Can. Pl. Dis. Surv. 55: 103.

Murant, AF, Goold, R.A., Roberts, I.M. and Cathro, J. (1969). J. gen. Virol. 4: 329.

Murant, AF, Roberts, I.M. and Goold, R.A. (1973). J. gen. Virol. 21: 269.

Murant, AF, Waterhouse, P.M., Raschke, J.H. and Robinson, D.J. (1985). J. gen. Virol. 66: 1575.

Stubbs, L.L. (1948). Aust. J. sci. Res. 1: 303.

Stubbs, L.L. (1952). Aust. J. sci. Res. 5: 399.

Waterhouse, P.M. (1981). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Dundee, U.K., 244 pp.

Watson, MA, Serjeant, E.P. and Lennon, E.A. (1964). Ann. appl. Biol. 54: 153.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 158 by P.M. Waterhouse, 1986.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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