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00.078.0.01.003. Carrot mottle mimic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.078.0.01.003. Carrot mottle mimic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: New South Wales; Australia.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Daucus carota.

Natural hosts and symptoms Daucus carota — systemic yellowing and mottling, stunting.

Reference to Isolation Report
Gibbs (1991; 1995).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.078.0.01.003. Virus accession number: 78001003. Obsolete virus code: 78.0.1.DE.01; superceded accession number: 7801de01.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 47736.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

The taxon is not listed in the current ICTV Report.

ICTV approved acronym: CMoMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species. Virus is of the genus 00.078.0.01. Umbravirus; not assigned to a family.

Virion Properties

Enveloped structures occur in vacuoles of infected cells, but no conventional virus structure have been found. Particles contain nucleic acid. Virus relies for encapisadtion and transmittion on the vector of the helper virus and virus relies on the coat protein (CP) from a helper virus, characteristically from a virus in the family (Luteoviridae).

Virion Properties

Morphology

No true particles are found, but vesicles containing viral matter are recovered that consist of a nucleoprotein complex. During their life cycle, virions have not been observed outside a cellular environment.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions (and these have the coat protein of carrot red leaf virus).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

The infectivity is retained when deproteinized with proteases.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA, that is mRNA. The genome is fully sequenced and complete sequence is 4203 nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of 27 % guanine; 25 % adenine; 25.5 % cytosine; 22.4 % uracil. Reference to nucleotide sequence Gibbs (1995, isolation method by Murant et al. (1985): dsRNA by Franklin column chromatography using Whatman CF-11 fibrous cellulose powder; as described for carrot mottle virus.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes prehaps structural proteins and non-structural proteins, or structural proteins. Virions consist of 15 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are present and located in the vesicles encapsidating the viral nucleic acid.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is infectious.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells; a transcription of c. 1.5kb co-terminal with 3' end of the genome. The genome expression is based on RNA production which can be analyzed by the dsRNA patterns found in the infected tissues. Usually there are 2 virus specified dsRNA species found in infected cells. Size of largest virus specified dsRNA 4.2 kbp. 2nd largest c. 1.5 kbp.

Replication cycle Features: the genome has Four ORFs. ORF1 encodes a protein that may be part of the viral replicase, ORF2 encodes the RNA dependent RNA polymerase, ORF3 encodes a protein of unknown function and ORF4 encodes the movement protein gene. ORF2 overlaps ORF1 and is translated after a -1 ribosomal frameshift, ORFs 3&4 also overlap and are translated from a sub-genomic RNA.

Antigenicity

Genome sequence comparisons show the virus to be most closely related to RNA-2 of pea enation mosaic virus, in addition the polymerase sequences show affinities to carmoviruses, dianthoviruses, type 1 and 2 luteoviruses, necroviruses, machlomoviruses, tombusviruses, beet western yellows ST9 associated-RNA and oat chlorotic stunt virus. Comparisons of movement protein sequences show affinities with bromo- and cucumoviruses.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are often confused with carrot mottle virus, distinguished by infection of Nicotiana megalosiphon and N. benthamiana; carrot mottle mimic virus induces a mild chlorotic mottle in N. benthamiana and severe symptoms in N megalosiphon, carrot mottle virus induces a more severe chlorotic mottle in N. benthamiana, but no symptoms in N. megalosiphon.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ROSIDAE; Order Apiales;
Family Apiaceaee . Virus found in Daucus carota (carrot) [TaxID 4039].

General Symptoms in Plants Virus affects the photosynthetic system. Symptoms are expressed in the leaf include chlorosis and development of patterns or markings that are visible in the intercostal regions. Intercostal regions show chlorosis. Leaves with mottle.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; probably Cavariella aegopodii. Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; requires, for vector transmission, a helper virus (carrot red leaf virus). The virus genome is probably transcapsidated in the virions of the helper virus.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Solanaceae, Umbelliferae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Anthriscus cerefolium, Coriandrum sativum, Daucus carota, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana megalosiphon.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of vein necrosis.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:
Nicotiana megalosiphon — necrotic ringspots, systemic necrotic and chlorotic lesions, mostly along major veins.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Nicotiana megalosiphon, N. clevelandii.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Nicotiana megalosiphon (W), N. clevelandii (W).

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are membranous bodies. Inclusions do not contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is found, but with no evidence of proliferation, in Australia, New Zealand and the U.S.A.; but may have been confused with carrot mottle virus.

References

Gibbs, M.J. (1991). Grad. Dip. Thesis, Aust. NAT Univ.

Gibbs, M.J. (1995). D. Phil. Thesis, Univ. Oxford.

Murant, AF, Waterhouse, P.M., Raschke, J.H. and Robinson, D.J. (1985). J. gen. Virol. 66: 1575.
The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 157 by M.J. Gibbs, 1995.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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