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00.077.0.03.001. Grapevine fleck virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.077.0.03.001. Grapevine fleck virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Italy.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: grapevine Vitis vinifera.

Collection and Isolation Details
Virus was isolated by Martelli group.

Reference to Isolation Report
Boscia, D., Martelli, G.P., Savino, V., and Castellano, M.A. (1991). Identification of the agent of grapevine fleck disease. Vitis 30, 97-105.

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data limited to classification details. If you have primary data on this virus, please submit them to ICTVdB using the online data entry systems or contact the ICTVdB management.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.077.0.03.001. Virus accession number: 77003001. Obsolete virus code: 00.000.4.00.006.; 00.079.0.04.005.; 79.0.P.4.005; superceded accession number: 79004005; 790p4005.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 103722.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): grapevine marbrure virus (Vuittenez et al., 1966), grapevine phloem-limited isometric virus (Boulila et al., 1990). ICTV approved acronym: GFkV. Virus is the type of the genus 00.074.0.03. Maculavirus in the family 00.077. Tymoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 30 nm. Capsids appear round. The capsid surface structure reveals a regular pattern with distinctive features suggestive of coat protein subunit arrangement in hexamers and pentatmers. The capsomer arrangement is clearly visible. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component.

Incomplete particles are common. They are devoid of nucleic acid characterized by capsids with dark centers in negative stain preparations.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations (T and B).

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 35% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA; virions may contain two subgenomic nucleic acid species. The complete genome is 7564 nucleotides long. The RNA is fully sequenced. Complete sequence is 7564 nucleotides long and encodes 4 putative open reading frames. The genome has a base ratio of ca. 50 % cytosine. The 5'-terminus has a long non-coding region; is 291 nucleotides in length. The 3'-terminus has a long non-coding region; of 35 nucleotides in length; no subgenomic promoter region. The 3'-terminus has a poly (A) tract. The 3'-terminus has no tRNA-like structure.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 65% of the particle weight; have been characterized and functions are assigned to them. Particles are made up of 4 proteins.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s) located in the capsid.

Structural Proteins: Capsid protein CP has a molecular mass of 28000 Da; has been sequenced and a function assigned; is the coat protein.

Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been identified by sequence analysis and 2 non-structural protein(s) are found.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are by grafting to Vitis vinifera and serological methods (ELISA and ISEM).

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ROSIDAE; Order Rhamnales;
Family Vitidaceae. Virus found in Vitis vinifera.

General Symptoms in Plants Virus affects the vascular system and photosynthetic system. Symptoms are expressed in the leaf; include chlorosis. Symptoms in leaves include development of patterns or markings that are visible in the intercostal regions. Intercostal regions show chlorosis. Leaves with flecking have chlorotic flecking, or necrotic flecking.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a known vector. Virus is not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Vitidaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Vitis rupestris, Vitis vinifera.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Vitis rupestris.

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in phloem only. Virions are found in the cytoplasm (in structures derived from deranged mitochondria that undego peripherical vesiculation following invagination of both lamellae, the organelle's limiting membrane (Castellano and Martelli (1984), Journal of Ultrastructural Research 89, 56-64)). Primary histological changes include inclusions.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies are of diagnostic value. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are multivesiculated bodies. Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies are membrane associated flask-shaped vesicles. Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies are associated with the mitochondria. Structures are probably involved with viral RNA replication.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in South Africa. The virus is found, but with no evidence of proliferation, in European countries and the U.S.A.

References

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References. A description of this taxon in VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 370 by A.A. Brunt, 1992.

Taxonomic Proposals and Changes

A taxonomic proposal has been submitted to the ICTV by the Plant Virus Subcommittee at the meeting in Washington, DC, April 2001 to include a new taxon (in the newly created genus Maculavirus). The proposal has been approved by postal ballot following discussions at the meeting of the Executive Committee in Houston, March 2002, the taxon has been designated as Type Species (of the Genus Maculavirus).



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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