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00.077.0.02.001. Maize rayado fino virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.077.0.02.001. Maize rayado fino virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: El Salvador.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Zea mays.

Natural host and symptoms
Zea mays ssp. mays (maize), Zea mays ssp. mexicana (teosinte) — chlorotic vein stippling and striping especially in new cultivars.

Reference to Isolation Report
Ancalmo and Davies (1961, but initially described as a strain of corn stunt, until studied fully by Gamez (1969).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.077.0.02.001. Virus accession number: 77002001. Obsolete virus code: 00.041.0.01.001.; 41.0.1.0.001; superceded accession number: 41001001; 41010001.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 59749.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

ICTV approved acronym: MRFV. Virus is the type of the genus 00.077.0.02. Marafivirus in the family 00.077. Tymoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 30-33 nm. Capsids appear round. The capsomer arrangement is clearly visible. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component.

Incomplete particles are common. They are devoid of nucleic acid characterized by capsids with dark centers in negative stain preparations.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Gamez et al. (1977, Leon and Gamez (1981).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.28 g cm-3 (T), or 1.46 g cm-3 (B). The density of virions is 1.24 (T), 1.37 (B) in Cs2 SO4. There are 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is of the fastest 120 S20w (B, of the other(s) are 54 S20w (T). A260/A280 ratio is 0.87 (T), or 1.58 (B). The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at , determined by feeding vectors in sap through membranes, 60-65°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 3-4 days (at 20°C; 4 to 5 days at 3°C).

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 25-30% of the virion by weight (in B type particles). The genome is monopartite, only one particle size is recovered, linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The genome is sequenced, and complete sequence is about 6700 nucleotides long. The 3'-terminus has a subgenomic promoter, a conserved region known as "tymobox".

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 67% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s) located in the capsid.

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Gamez and Leon (1988).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

The virus does not show serological relationships to Bermuda grass etched line and oat blue dwarf viruses.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are This virus is frequently in mixed infections with MLOs and spiroplasms; these infections induce the corn stunt disease.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

General Symptoms in Plants Virus affects the photosynthetic system. Symptoms are expressed in the leaf include chlorosis and development of patterns or markings that are visible in the leaf margin and venation. Intercostal regions show chlorosis. Leaf veins are chlorotic and include vein banding, or feathering. Leaves with striations.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Cicadellidae; Dalbulus maidis. Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; retained when the vector moults; replicates in the vector.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Gramineae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Zea mays, Zea mays ssp. mays, Zea mays ssp. mexicana.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Zea mays — chlorotic spotting of base and veins of young leaves, then chlorotic striping. Root development poor, yield decreased.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Zea mays (Tico H1 and Tico H4).

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Zea mays (W). For insect transmission studies.

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in leaves, mesophyll, epidermis, vascular parenchyma and phloem. Virions are found in the cytoplasm and cell vacuole (in loose aggregates and occasionally in sieve tubes in loose aggregates or large crystalline arrays within the membrane bound vesicles).

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru, Venezuela, and the United States of America (in the south).

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Gamez (1973, 1983, Gamez and Leon (1985, 1988, Gamez and Saavedra (1986).

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Maize rayado Colombian strain (Martinez-Lopez, 1977), Brazilian corn streak strain (G mez, 1980).

References

Ancalmo, O. and Davies, W.C. (1961). Pl. Dis. Reptr 45: 281.

Espinoza, AM. and Gamez, R. (1980). Turrialba 30: 413.

Falk, B.W. and Tsai, J.H. (1986). Intervirology 25: 111.

Gamez, R. (1969). Pl. Dis. Reptr 53: 929.

Gamez, R. (1973). Ann. appl. Biol. 73: 285.

Gamez, R. (1980). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 220, 4 pp.

Gamez, R. (1983). In: Plant Virus Epidemiology, p. 267; eds R.T. Plumb and J.M. Thresh. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, England.

Gamez, R. and Leon, P. (1985). In: Leafhoppers and Planthoppers, p. 331; eds L.R. Nault and Rodriguez. J. Wiley and Sons Inc., New York,.

Gamez, R. and Saavedra, R. (1986). In: Plant Virus Epidemics, p. 315; eds G. Maclean, R. Garrett and W. Ruesnik. Academic Press, Melbourne.

Gamez, R., Kosuka, Y. and Fukuoka, T. (1977). Rev. Biol. Trop. 25: 151.

Gamez, R., Kitajima, E.W. and Lin, M.T. (1979). Pl. Dis. Reptr 63: 830.

Gamez, R. and Leon, P. (1986). In: The Plant Viruses, Vol. 3, Polyhedral Virions with Monopartite RNA Genomes, p. 213; ed. R. Koenig. Plenum Press, New York.

Gingery, R.E., Gordon, D.T. and Nault, L.R. (1982). Phytopathology 72: 1313.

Kitajima, E.W. and Gamez, R. (1977). Turrialba 27: 71.

Kitajima, E.W., Yano, T. and Costa, AS. (1976). Cienc. Cult., S. Paulo 28: 427.

Lastra, R. and de Uscategui, R.C. (1980). Turrialba 30: 405.

Leon, P. and Gamez, R. (1986). Rev. Biol. Trop. 34: 111.

Martinez-Lopez, G. (1977). Proc. int. Maize Viruses Diseases Coloq. Wksh., p. 20. Ohio Agric. Res. Dev. Center.

Ramirez, P. and Leon, P. (1988). J. gen. Virol. 69: 757.

Rivera, C. and Gamez, R. (1986). Intervirology 25: 76.

Tsai, J.H. (1986). Intervirology 25: 111.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 471 by A.A. Brunt and R. Gamez, 1988.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 220.



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ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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