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00.077.0.01.017. Physalis mottle virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.077.0.01.017. Physalis mottle virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Urbana, Illinois; the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Physalis subglabrata.

Natural host and symptoms
Physalis subglabrata, P. heterophylla — systemic mosaic or mottle.

Reference to Isolation Report
Peters and Derks (1974).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.077.0.01.017. Virus accession number: 77001017. Obsolete virus code: 77.0.1.0.013; superceded accession number: 77010013.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 72539.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Alternative name: Physalis mosaic virus. Synonym(s): belladonna mottle virus — US, belladonna mottle virus — Iowa. ICTV approved acronym: PhyMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.077.0.01. Tymovirus; family 00.077. Tymoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry (T=3). The capsid is isometric and has a diameter of 29.2-31.6 nm. Capsids appear round. The capsomer arrangement is clearly visible.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Peters and Derks (1974).

Capsid structures, detailed structural and computational analysis are found in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) using VIPERdB, the VIrus Particle ExploreR 1qjz.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.42 g cm-3 (B), or 1.27 g cm-3 (T). There are 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is of the fastest 112-114 S20w; of the other(s) are 50-54 S20w. A260/A280 ratio is 1.63 (B), or 1.06 (T). The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 50 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 8. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 38% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, single-stranded RNA is recovered, is partially sequenced. Sequence has the accession number [S97776] Em(40)_vi:S97776 Gb(84)_vi:S97776 replicase protein, coat protein (3' region) Physalis mottle virus PhMV.

The genome has a base ratio of 14.4 % guanine; 22.9 % adenine; 37.2 % cytosine; 25.5 % uracil. The 3'-terminus has a tRNA-like structure that can be aminoacylated with valine.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 62% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s) located in the capsid.

Structural Proteins: Capsid protein COAT_PHMV. Capsid protein has a molecular mass of 19974 Da (188 AA) with 180 copies per virion; sequence has the accession number [P36351]; is the coat protein.

Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Jacob et al. (1991).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to belladonna mottle and dulcamara mottle viruses.

Most of the plant species inoculated with physalis mosaic virus or with belladonna mottle virus (I) isolate reacted similarly however Chenopodium quinoa and Solanum nigrum were infected by the latter and not the former. Slight cross protection with Andean potato latent and dulcamara mottle viruses.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ASTERIDAE.

General Symptoms in Plants Virus affects the photosynthetic system. Symptoms are expressed in the leaf include chlorosis and development of patterns or markings that are visible in the intercostal regions. Intercostal regions show chlorosis. Leaves with mottle. Symptoms mosaics and mottles.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Gramineae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Capsicum annuum, Chenopodium foetidum, Chenopodium quinoa, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Helianthus annuus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Petunia x hybrida, Physalis floridana, Physalis heterophylla, Physalis peruviana, Physalis subglabrata, Solanum nigrum, Sonchus oleraceus, Triticum aestivum.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of necrotic or chlorotic local lesions, systemic mottle or mosaic.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, or Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, or Cucurbitaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae (6 /24), or Umbelliferae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Atropa belladonna, Beta vulgaris, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Catharanthus roseus, Celosia argentea, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Daucus carota, Dianthus caryophyllus, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Hordeum vulgare, Lactuca sativa, Medicago sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Raphanus sativus, Solanum chacoense, Solanum demissum, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Solanum tuberosum, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium repens, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata, Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Capsicum annuum — chlorotic local lesions, systemic mottle.

Datura metel, D. stramonium — necrotic local lesions, systemic mosaic.

Nicandra physalodes — systemic mosaic.

Nicotiana clevelandii, N. glutinosa, N. tabacum cv. White Burley — necrotic local lesions.

Chenopodium foetidum — systemic chlorosis.

Sonchus oleraceus — symptomless infection. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Atropa belladonna, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Solanum melongena.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Datura stramonium, Nicotiana clevelandii, N. glutinosa.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Datura stramonium (W), Nicotiana clevelandii (W).

References to host data: Peters and Derks (1974).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in the United States of America.

References

Jacob, AN.K., Murthy, M.R.N. and Savithri, H.S. (1991). J. gen. Virol. in press.

Moline, H.E. and Fries, R.E. (1974). Phytopathology 64: 44.

Peters, D. and Derks, AFLM (1974). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 80: 124.

Peter, R., Peter, C., Dupin, A and Witz, J. (1989). C.r. Acad. Sci. Paris 309 Serie III, p. 599.

Savithri, H.S., Monski, S.K., Suryanarayana, S., Divikar, S. and Murthy, M.R.N. (1987). J. gen. Virol. 68: 1533.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 612 by A.J. Gibbs, 1991.



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ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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