[Home] [ICTV Taxonomy - Index of Viruses] [Virus Descriptions] [Character List] [Picture Gallery]
[Tutorial] [Online Data Retrieval & Identification] [Virus Isolate Registration & Submission] [Search]
Descriptions are generated automatically from the ICTVdB database including links. Some descriptions are only very basic and links may point to documents that are not yet published on the Web.

00.077.0.01.004. Cacao yellow mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.077.0.01.004. Cacao yellow mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Giehuna; Sierra Leone.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Theobroma cacao.

Natural host and symptoms
Theobroma cacao — leaves with yellow blotches or mosaic.

Reference to Isolation Report
Blencowe et al. (1963).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.077.0.01.004. Virus accession number: 77001004. Obsolete virus code: 77.0.1.0.003; superceded accession number: 77010003.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12150.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

ICTV approved acronym: CYMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.077.0.01. Tymovirus; family 00.077. Tymoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 28 nm. Capsids appear hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is clearly visible.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Brunt et al. (1965).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 108 S20w ((B), of the other(s) are 49 S20w ((T)). Isoelectric point pH is 3.6. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 60-65°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 16-32 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 4.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 38% of the virion by weight (B). The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, single-stranded RNA is recovered. The complete genome is 6000 nucleotides long, is partially sequenced and sequenced region is 6000 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number [X54354] Em(40)_vi:CYMVP Gb(84)_vi:CYMVP Cacao yellow mosaic virion protein gene. 9/93 681bp. 1 sequence.

The genome has a base ratio of 16 % guanine; 22 % adenine; 33 % cytosine; 29 % uracil.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 62% of the particle weight (B).

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s) located in the capsid.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to clitoria yellow vein, desmodium yellow mottle, and okra mosaic viruses are related closely; scrophularia mottle, Andean potato latent and eggplant mosaic viruses are distantly related. The virus does not show serological relationships to dulcamara mottle, ononis yellow mosaic, belladonna mottle, turnip yellow mosaic and wild cucumber mosaic viruses.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

General Symptoms in Plants Virus affects the photosynthetic system. Symptoms are expressed in the leaf include chlorosis and development of patterns or markings that are visible in the intercostal regions. Intercostal regions show chlorosis. Leaves are turning yellow. Leaves with mosaic have yellow mosaic.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by seeds.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Apocynaceae, Bombacaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tetragoniaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Adansonia digitata, Beta vulgaris, Catharanthus roseus, Ceiba pentandra, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis melo, Cucurbita pepo, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana tabacum, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Theobroma cacao, Vigna unguiculata.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of local lesions, mosaic.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, or Cucurbitaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Polemoniaceae, or Solanaceae, Umbelliferae (1 /1). Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Arachis hypogaea, Avena sativa, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Calendula officinalis, Capsicum frutescens, Cucumis sativus, Dactylis glomerata, Datura stramonium, Daucus carota, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Hordeum vulgare, Lolium perenne, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana glutinosa, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phlox drummondii, Physalis floridana, Physalis peruviana, Raphanus sativus, Solanum melongena, Trifolium incarnatum, Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa — local lesions; systemic chlorosis.

Tetragonia tetragonioides — chlorotic local lesions; not systemic.

Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana clevelandii, Catharanthus roseus — systemic chlorosis. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Gomphrena globosa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Datura stramonium, Nicotiana glutinosa, Physalis floridana.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Catharanthus roseus, Chenopodium quinoa, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana clevelandii, Theobroma cacao.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), C. quinoa (L), Tetragonia tetragonioides (L), Nicotiana clevelandii (W).

References to host data: Brunt et al. (1965).

Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm (as paracrystals), or nucleus (but only empty virions).

Cytopathology: Other cellular changes include small regular vesicles formed by invagination of the outer chloroplast membrane. Mitochondria swollen.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Sierra Leone.

References

Blencowe, J.W., Brunt, A.A., Kenten, R.H. and Lovi, N.K. (1963). Trop. Agric., Trin. 40: 233.

Brunt, A.A. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 11, 4 pp.

Brunt, A.A., Kenten, R.H., Gibbs, AJ. and Nixon, H.L. (1965). J. gen. Microbiol. 38: 81.

Koenig, R. (1976). Virology 72: 1.

Lesemann, D.-E. (1977). Phytopath. Z. 90: 315.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 130 by A.A. Brunt, 1985. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 11.



Limit search to: Title & Body Title Document Path
Show Reverse Sort

DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

ICTVdB and DELTA related References

Comments to ICTVdB Management
Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
Copyright © 2002    International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.    All rights reserved.


Additional access points to virus species lists, descriptions and images on the web:

Species catalogue                     iSpecies.org - a species search engine           a species search engine

Google Analytics      Google Analytics: activity view