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00.074. Tombusviridae
Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006).
00.074. Tombusviridae. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version
3. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA
Cite
this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/
This is a description of a
plant virus at the family level.
ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.074. Virus accession number: 00074FAM.
Obsolete virus code: 74.; superceded accession number: 74000000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID:
39738.
Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not
enveloped, round with icosahedral
symmetry (T=3). The capsid is isometric
and has a diameter of 28-35 nm. Capsids appear round, or
hexagonal in outline, or slightly angular. The capsid surface structure reveals
a regular pattern with distinctive features (of granular appearance). The
capsomer arrangement is clearly visible, or is not obvious. The capsid consists
of 32 capsomers (virion composed of 180 protein subunits).
Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation
contains many virions.
Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of
1.28-1.346-1.36 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting
component(s) found in purified preparations, or 2 sedimenting component(s) found
in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is
130-134.2-140 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is
3.9-4-4.1. A260/A280 ratio is 1.64. The thermal
inactivation point (TIP) is at 75-85-90°C. The longevity in
vitro (LIV) is 21-104.5-300 days. Although the titer is dependent
on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually
around 4-5, or 6, or 7. The infectivity is retained when deproteinized with
proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.
The Mr
of the genome constitutes 14-16.92-18% of the virion by weight. The
genome is monopartite, only one particle size is recovered, or segmented;
bipartite, segements are distributed among 2 particle types of linear,
positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of
non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions, or not found in
virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions
may also contain subgenomic RNA, or subgenomic RNA and satellite RNA
(occasionally), or nucleic acid of host origin and subgenomic
mRNA. Virions may also contain defective RNA species arising
from a deletion of full-length genomic RNA. The genome is sequenced,
and complete sequence is about 4600-4702-4800
nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of 27.8-28.13-28.6 %
guanine; 24.9-26.06-27 % adenine; 21.2-21.5-22 % cytosine;
23-25.13-26.3 % uracil. The 5'-end of the genome has a probably
methylated nucleotide cap. The terminus is protected, however, the presence of
a cap was demonstrated only in 74.0.2.0.004 carnation mottle virus, Genus
74.0.2. Carmovirus). Each virion contains a full length copy and
defective interfering copies (are known to occur).
GenBank records for
nucleotide sequences;
complete genome sequences.
Proteins
constitute about 82-82.66-84% of the particle weight.
The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.
Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).
Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural
proteins have been isolated and 3 non-structural protein(s)
are found.
Lipids are not
reported.
Genome Organization and Replication
Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is
present in infected cells. The genome expression is based on RNA production
which can be analyzed by the dsRNA patterns found in the infected tissues.
Usually there are 3-3.5-4 virus specified dsRNA species found in
infected cells. Size of largest virus specified dsRNA 4.7-4.716-4.733
kbp. 2nd largest 2.1-2.144-2.188 kbp. 3rd largest
0.9-0.918-0.936 kbp. 4th largest 0.62 kbp. 5th largest 0.499 kbp.
Translation: The genome replicates in
the cytoplasm.
Virions may provide helper functions to dependent virus during replication.
Virion acts as helper for a satellite RNA.
Natural Host
Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain
Eucarya.
Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.
Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta
(Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae) and Liliopsida
(Monocotyledonae).
Severity and Occurrence of
Disease
Host: Signs and symptoms persist, or
vary cyclically over a few weeks, or vary seasonally.
Virus is transmitted by a vector, or not transmitted by a
vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting;
transmitted by contact between hosts, or not transmitted by contact between
hosts; transmitted by seeds, or not transmitted by seeds; transmitted by pollen
to the seed, or not transmitted by pollen.
Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by fungi; of the
order Chytridiales.
Experimental Hosts and Symptoms
Under
experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many
families, several families, few families. Susceptible host species are found in
the Family Amaranthaceae, Boraginaceae,
Cannabidaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae,
Compositae, Cornaceae, Cucurbitaceae,
Geraniaceae, Gramineae, Labiatae,
Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Liliaceae (1), Malvaceae,
Oleaceae, Orchidaceae, Phytolaccaceae,
Polemoniaceae, Polygonaceae, Rosaceae,
Saxifragaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae,
Tetragoniaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Vitidaceae. The
following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection:
Amaranthus caudatus, Antirrhinum majus, Arachis
hypogaea, Atriplex hortensis, Avena sativa, Beta
vulgaris, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens,
Celosia argentea, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium
amaranticolor, Chenopodium foetidum, Chenopodium murale,
Chenopodium quinoa, Cornus sanguinea, Cucumis
melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita
pepo, Cymbidium, Cynara scolymus, Datura
metel, Datura stramonium, Dianthus barbatus,
Dianthus caryophyllus, Emilia sagittata, Fagopyrum
esculentum, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa,
Gypsophila elegans, Helianthus annuus, Humulus
lupulus, Hyoscyamus niger, Lactuca sativa,
Lathyrus odoratus, Lavatera trimestris, Ligustrum
vulgare, Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius,
Lycopersicon esculentum, Malus, Myosotis sylvatica,
Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana
bigelovii, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi,
Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana
rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Ocimum basilicum,
Pelargonium zonale, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus
vulgaris, Phlox drummondii, Physalis floridana,
Phytolacca americana, Pisum sativum, Prunus avium,
Prunus domestica, Pyrus, Saponaria vaccaria,
Senecio vulgaris, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum,
Solanum tuberosum, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria
media, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Tolmiea menziesii,
Torenia fournieri, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium
repens, Tropaeolum majus, Tulipa, Vicia faba,
Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna
unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis , Vitis vinifera,
Zinnia elegans.
Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families
containing insusceptible hosts: Apocynaceae,
Caryophyllaceae, or
Chenopodiaceae,
Compositae,
Convolvulaceae,
Cruciferae, or
Cucurbitaceae,
Gramineae,
Leguminosae-Papilionoideae,
Malvaceae, or
Rutaceae,
Solanaceae,
Umbelliferae. Species inoculated with virus that do
not show signs of susceptibility: Abelmoschus esculentus, Ageratum
conyzoides, Apium graveolens, Avena sativa, Bellis
perennis, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis,
Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Brassica oleracea var.
capitata, Catharanthus roseus, Cheiranthus cheiri,
Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chrysanthemum morifolium,
Citrus limon, Cucumis melo, Dactylis glomerata,
Dianthus barbatus, Hordeum vulgare, Hyoscyamus niger,
Ipomoea nil, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, Nicotiana
clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica,
Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phleum
pratense, Solanum melongena, Solanum tuberosum,
Triticum aestivum, Zea mays.
Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm, or nucleus,
or nucleolus, or perinuclear space, or chloroplast, or mitochondria, or cell
vacuole.
Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells, or not
present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the
cytoplasm and nucleus. Nuclear inclusion bodies are crystals. Cytoplasmic
inclusions are crystals, or membranous bodies. Inclusions contain mature
virions, or do not contain mature virions.
The virus spreads in Eurasia, or the Mediterranean, or
North America. The virus occurs in Argentina, or Canada, or Czechoslovakia
(former), or Germany, or Italy, or Lebanon, or Morocco, or Switzerland, or
Tunisia, or the United Kingdom, or the United States of America, or Yugoslavia.
00.074.0.07.
Aureusvirus
00.074.0.06.
Avenavirus
00.074.0.02.
Carmovirus
00.074.0.04.
Dianthovirus
00.074.0.05.
Machlomovirus
00.074.0.03.
Necrovirus
00.074.0.08.
Panicovirus
00.074.0.01.
Tombusvirus.
List of Unassigned
Viruses in the Family.
Data Sources and
Contributions
The
following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
PubMed References.
Taxon images: • EMs of Tombusviridae by Milne &
Lesemann.
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