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00.074.0.05.001. Maize chlorotic mottle virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.074.0.05.001. Maize chlorotic mottle virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Peru.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Zea mays.

Natural host and symptoms
Zea mays — systemic chlorotic leaf mottling; in mixtures with any of several potyviruses also causes necrosis, stunting and death.

Reference to Isolation Report
Hebert and Castillo (1973).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.074.0.05.001. Virus accession number: 74005001. Obsolete virus code: 40.0.1.0.001; superceded accession number: 40010001.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12138.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

ICTV approved acronym: MCMV. Virus is the type of the genus 00.074.0.05. Machlomovirus in the family 00.074. Tombusviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of c. 30 nm (in PTA-K, but 33 nm in UA). Capsids appear hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious.

Capsids can be penetrated by stain and some appear dark in the center.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: R.E. Gingery in Gordon et al. (1984, virions are stabilized by divalent cations.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.365 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 109 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 80-85°C (in maize sap). The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 12-33 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 6-8.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 18% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA, that is mRNA. The complete genome is 4437 nucleotides long. The RNA-1 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 4437 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number [X14736] Em(44)_vi:Mcmvxx Gb(90)_vi:Mcmvxx Maize chlorotic mottle virus genomic RNA. 9/93 4,437bp. The genome has a base ratio of 22-25 % guanine; 24-26 % adenine; 15-16 % cytosine; 34-37 % uracil. The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap; cap sequence type is m7G (7-methylguanosine) type 0. Each virion contains a single copy of the genome plus a subgenomic RNA (of 1100 nucleotides packed in low frequency). Reference to nucleotide sequence Lommel et al. (1991).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 82% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is infectious.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells; encoding the coat protein. The genome expression is based on RNA production which can be analyzed by the dsRNA patterns found in the infected tissues. Usually there are 2 virus specified dsRNA species found in infected cells. Size of largest virus specified dsRNA 4.4 kbp (pairs). 2nd largest 1.1 kbp (pairs).

Replication cycle Features: the genome has the genome has four ORFs encoding proteins of 32 kDa, 50 kDa (possibly the polymerase), 9kDa and 25.1 kDa (coat protein).

Antigenicity

The virus does not show serological relationships to brome mosaic, cocksfoot mild mottle, cocksfoot mottle, cynosurus mottle, holcus transitory mottle, maize chlorotic dwarf, maize rayado fino, maize streak, maize stripe, maize white line, molinia streak, panicum mosaic, phleum mottle, rice yellow mottle and sowbane mosaic viruses.

The virus resembles carnation mottle and turnip crinkle carmoviruses in the amino acid sequence of some of its proteins, in its genome organisation and gene expression strategy, but has an additional ORF and lacks a second sub-genomic RNA.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by seeds (detected in 17 of 42000 seedlings from 25 seed lots).

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Coleoptera, Thysanoptera; Diabrotica ssp. and thrips. Virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Susceptible host species are found in the Family Gramineae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Bromus inermis, Bromus mollis, Bromus racemosus, Bromus secalinus, Bromus tectorum, Hordeum vulgare, Panicum capillare, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Panicum maximum, Panicum miliaceum, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Gramineae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Sorghum bicolor.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Zea mays — systemic chlorotic leaf mottling.

Triticum aestivum — systemic chlorotic leaf spotting and mottling. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Sorghum bicolor.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Maize hybrids H84, N28 HT, N.28 and Oh 28, maize hybrid PM 205, Zea mays cv. Aristogold Bantam Evergreen; see Uyemoto et al. (1980).

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Maize hybrids H84, N28 HT, N.28 and Oh 28 (W), maize hybrid PM 205 (W), Zea mays cv. Aristogold Bantam Evergreen (W).

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Argentina, Mexico, Peru, and the United States of America (Kansas, Nebraska and Hawaii).

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Nault et al. (1978).

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Kansas serotypes 1 and 2, Peru serotype.

References

Goldberg, K.B. and Brakke, M.K. (1987). Phytopath. 77: 162.

Gordon, D.T., Bradfute, O.E., Gingery, R.E., Nault, L.R. and Uyemoto, JK (1984). AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 284, 5 pp.

Hebert, T.T. and Castillo (1973). Abstr. 2nd Int. Congr. Pl. Path., Minneapolis, No. 72.

Jaing, X.Q., Wilkinson, D.R. and Berry, J.A. (1990). Phytopath. 80: 1060.

Jensen, S.G., Wysong, D.S., Ball, E.M. and Higley, P.M. (1991). Plant Dis. 75: 497.

Lommel, S.A., Kendall, T.L., Siu, N.F. and Nutter, R.C. (1991). Phytopathology 81: 819.

Lommel, S.A., Kendall, T.L., Xiong, Z. and Nutter, R.C. (1991). Virology 181: 382.

Nault, L.R., Styer, W.E., Coffey, M.E., Gordon, D.T., Negi, L.S. and Niblett, C.L. (1978). Phytopathology 68: 1071.

Nutter, R.C., Sheeks, K., Panganiban, LC and Lommel, S.A. (1989). Nucleic Acids Res. 17: 3163.

Uyemoto, JK, Bockelman, DL and Claflin, L.E. (1980). Plant Dis. 64: 99.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 464 by A.A. Brunt and D.T. Gordon, 1987. Revised 1991 by A.A. Brunt.
A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 284.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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