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00.074.0.04.001. Carnation ringspot virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.074.0.04.001. Carnation ringspot virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the United Kingdom.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Dianthus ssp.

Natural host and symptoms
Dianthus caryophyllus, D. barbatus — leaf mottling and ringspotting, plant stunting and distortion, flower distortion.

Reference to Isolation Report
Kassanis (1955).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.074.0.04.001. Virus accession number: 74004001. Obsolete virus code: 23.0.1.0.001; superceded accession number: 23010001.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12268.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): Anjermozaick virus. ICTV approved acronym: CRSV. Virus is the type species. Virus is of the genus 00.074.0.04. Dianthovirus in the family 00.074. Tombusviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 31-34 nm. Capsids appear round. The capsid surface structure reveals a regular pattern with distinctive features (granular). The capsomer arrangement is not obvious.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Virions best stained with UA, pH 5.0. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Tremaine et al. (1976, Kalmakoff and Tremaine (1967).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.366 g cm-3 (when unfixed at pH 5; virions swell at pH 7, but stabilized by divalent cations). There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations (but there are probably two classes of virions, one containing RNA-1, the other probably three copies of RNA-2). The sedimentation coefficient is 135 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is 4.5. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 80°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 50-60 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 5. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 20.5% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented; bipartite, segements are distributed among 2 particle types of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The complete genome is 5340 nucleotides long. The RNA-1 is fully sequenced. Complete sequence is 3890 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number
[L18870] Em(40)_vi:CIRRNA1A Gb(84)_vi:CIRRNA1A Carnation ringspot virus fusion protein polymerase (p88K), p27K, p57K, capsid protein (p37K)
[M88589] Em(40)_vi:CIRCRSV Gb(84)_vi:CIRCRSV Carnation ringspot virus CRSV movement protein mRNA, complete cds. 1/93 1,394bp 2 sequences.
RNA-2 is sequenced, complete sequence is about 1450 nucleotides long (RNA-2). The genome has a base ratio of 26 % guanine; 27 % adenine; 23 % cytosine; 24 % uracil. The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap; cap sequence type is m7GpppA. The multipartite genome is divided among different particles, each segment encapsidated separately. Reference to nucleotide sequence Dodds et al. (1977).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 79.5% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Tremaine and Dodds (1985).

Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been identified by sequence analysis (Tremaine et al. (1984)) and 3 non-structural protein(s) are found.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is infectious.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells (Lommel, 1983).

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to red clover necrotic mosaic and sweet clover necrotic mosaic viruses, but remotely.

Tremaine et al. (1976, 1983, 1984) and Tremaine and Ronald (1976) have described strains N, A and R that differ in the physico-chemical properties and composition of their virions.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass CARYOPHYLLIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by nematodes (Fritsche et al. (1979), Trudgill et al. (1983), Longidorus elongatus, L. macrosoma and Xiphinema diversicaudatum; reported, but questioned.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Boraginaceae, Campanulaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fumariaceae, Gesneriaceae (1 /1), Labiatae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Lythraceae, Phytolaccaceae, Polemoniaceae, Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae (11 /14), Tetragoniaceae, Verbenaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Alonsoa warscewiczii, Amaranthus caudatus, Antirrhinum majus, Callistephus chinensis, Capsicum frutescens, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Cichorium endiva, Convolvulus tricolor, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cucumis sativus, Datura stramonium, Dianthus barbatus, Dianthus caryophyllus, Emilia sagittata, Fagopyrum esculentum, Fumaria officinalis, Gomphrena globosa, Gypsophila paniculata, Hyoscyamus niger, Lactuca sativa, Lamium maculatum, Lathyrus odoratus, Lobelia erinus, Lythrum salicaria, Myosotis sylvatica, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phlox drummondii, Physalis floridana, Phytolacca americana, Portulaca oleracea, Saintpaulia ionantha, Salpiglossis sinuata, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Torenia fournieri, Verbena hybrida, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata, Zinnia elegans.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of chlorotic and necrotic local lesions rings and flecks, sometimes systemic.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Apocynaceae, Begoniaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Commelinaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Geraniaceae, Gramineae, or Guttiferae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Malvaceae, Passifloraceae, or Plantaginaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Primulaceae, or Ranunculaceae, Resedaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Scrophulariaceae, or Solanaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Umbelliferae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Ageratum conyzoides, Anthriscus sylvestris, Apium graveolens, Atriplex hortensis, Begonia semperflorens, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Catharanthus roseus, Ceratostigma plumbaginoides, Cheiranthus cheiri, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Citrus limon, Geranium pratense, Geum chiloense, Glycine max, Hypericum perforatum, Lavatera trimestris, Lycopersicon esculentum, Matthiola incana, Melilotus albus, Mimulus luteus, Mycelis muralis, Passiflora caerulea, Pelargonium x hortorum, Petunia x hybrida, Pisum sativum, Plantago lanceolata, Primula malacoides, Ranunculus repens, Reseda odorata, Rheum rhaponticum, Senecio vulgaris, Solanum tuberosum, Taraxacum officinale, Tradescantia zebrina, Trifolium repens, Tropaeolum majus, Zea mays.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Dianthus barbatus, Gomphrena globosa, Phaseolus vulgaris — local and systemic chlorotic and necrotic lesions rings and flecks.

Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Tetragonia tetragonioides — necrotic lesions, usually not systemic.

Vigna unguiculata — necrotic local lesions, systemic mottling, necrotic flecking and distortion.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Dianthus barbatus, Nicotiana clevelandii, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Chenopodium amaranticolor (L, C. quinoa (L, Vigna unguiculata (L).

References to host data: Tremaine and Dodds (1985).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the cytoplasm and nucleus.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are not present in infected cells.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide (wherever carnations are grown). The virus spreads in Central Asia, Eurasia, and North America. The virus occurs in India. The virus is found, but with no evidence of proliferation, in Australia.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

N, A and R.

References

Chen, M.H., Hiruki, C. and Okuro, T. (1984). Can. J. Pl. Pathol. 6: 191.

Dodds, J.A., Tremaine, J.H. and Ronald, W.P. (1977). Virology 83: 322.

Fritsche, R., Kegler, H., Thiele ? and Gruber ?. (1979). Arch. Phytopath. PflSchutz. 15: 177.

Hiruki, C. (1987). Adv. Virus Res. 33: 257.

Hiruki, C., Rao, AL.N., Furuya, Y. and Figueiredo, G. (1984). J. gen. Virol. 65: 2273.

Hiruki, C., Rao, D.V., Chen, M.H., Okuno, T. and Figueiredo, G. (1984). Phytopathology 74: 482.

Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M. (1969). Ann. appl. Biol. 56: 73.

Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M. (1977). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 21, 3 pp.

Kalmakoff, J. and Tremaine, J.H. (1967). Virology 33: 10.

Kassanis, B. (1955). Ann. appl. Biol. 43: 103.

Lommel, S.A. (1983). Ph.D. Thesis, University California, Berkeley, California, U.S.A.

Lommel, S. and Morris, J. (1982). Phytopathology 72: 955.

Lommel, S., McCain, and Morris, J. (1982). Phytopathology 72: 1018.

Lommel, S., McCain, Mayhew, D.E. and Morris, J. (1983). Plant Dis. 67: 53.

Tremaine, J.H. and Dodds, J.A. (1985). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 308, 5 pp.

Tremaine, J.H. and Ronald, W.P. (1976). J. gen. Virol. 30: 299.

Tremaine, J.H., Ronald, W.P. and Valcic, A (1976). Phytopathology 66: 34.

Tremaine, J.H., Ronald, W.P. and McGauley, E.M. (1983). Phytopathology 73: 1241.

Tremaine, J.H., Ronald, W.P. and McGauley, E.M. (1984). Phytopathology 74: 161.

Trudgill, DL, Brown, D.J.F. and McNamara, D. (1983). Revue N‚matol. 6: 133.
The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 152 by J.H. Tremaine and J.R. Moran, 1985.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 371.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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