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00.074.0.02. Carmovirus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.074.0.02. Carmovirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the genus level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.074.0.02. Virus accession number: 074002GE. Obsolete virus code: 74.0.2.; superceded accession number: 74020000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 11985.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): Carnation mottle virus group. Virus is of the family 00.074. Tombusviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry (T=3). The capsid is isometric and has a diameter of 27-30.5-34 nm. Capsids appear round, or hexagonal in outline, or slightly angular. The capsid surface structure reveals a regular pattern with distinctive features (of granular appearance). The capsomer arrangement is clearly visible, or is not obvious. The capsid consists of 32 capsomers (virion composed of 180 protein subunits).

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions, or many virions.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.33-1.348-1.364 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations, or 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 112-124.6-143 S20w; of the other(s) are 48 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is 3.5-4.833-5.5. A260/A280 ratio is 1.48-1.548-1.64. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 55-77.62-95°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 1-48.3-395 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 4, or 5, or 6, or 7-8. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether; retained when deproteinized with proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 14-19.13-23% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions, or not found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA and satellite RNA. The complete genome is 3800-4300 nucleotides long, is sequenced, complete sequence is about 3800-4300 nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of 21.7-26.33-32 % guanine; 23-25.72-30 % adenine; 19-24.11-31.5 % cytosine; 21-23.95-27 % uracil. The 5'-end of the genome has a probably methylated nucleotide cap (the terminus is protected, however, the presence of a cap was demonstrated only in carnation mottle virus). Each virion contains a longer than full length copy.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 77-80.93-86% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been isolated, or identified by sequence analysis and 2 non-structural protein(s) are found, or 3 non-structural protein(s) are found, or 4 non-structural protein(s) are found.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is infectious.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells. The genome expression is based on RNA production which can be analyzed by the dsRNA patterns found in the infected tissues. Usually there are 3 virus specified dsRNA species found in infected cells. Size of largest virus specified dsRNA 4-4.2-4.4 kbp. 2nd largest 1.5-1.7-1.9 kbp. 3rd largest 1.35-1.525-1.7 kbp.

Translation: The genome replicates in the cytoplasm.

Virions may provide helper functions to dependent virus during replication. Virion acts as helper for a satellite RNA.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae) and Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass CARYOPHYLLIDAE, or DILLENIIDAE, or ROSIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Infection is apparent, or not apparent. Signs and symptoms persist, or vary seasonally, or disappear soon after infection.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector, or not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation, or not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting, or not transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between hosts, or not transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds, or not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, or fungi; arthropod-borne virus is transmitted by insects; arthropod-borne virus is transmitted by of the order Coleoptera; of the order Chytridiales. Virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner; does not require a helper virus for vector transmission.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families, several families, few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Apocynaceae, Begoniaceae, Cactaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Geraniaceae, Gramineae, Labiatae (4), Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Malvaceae, Pedaliaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae, Primulaceae, Sambucaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Umbelliferae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Abelmoschus manihot, Althaea, Amaranthus caudatus, Anagallis arvensis, Antirrhinum majus, Apium graveolens, Arabidopsis thaliana, Atriplex hortensis, Begonia elatior, Begonia x cheimantha, Beta vulgaris, Brassica campestris ssp. napus, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Brassica juncea, Brassica napus var. napobrassica, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Brassica sinapis, Cajanus cajan, Calandrinia grandiflora, Calendula officinalis, Canavalia ensiformis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Cardamine lilacina, Carnegiea gigantea, Cassia occidentalis, Catharanthus roseus, Celosia argentea, Celosia cristata, Chamaecereus sylvestrii, Cheiranthus cheiri, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium capitatum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Cichorium endiva, Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Daphne odora, Datura stramonium, Daucus carota, Dianthus barbatus, Dianthus caryophyllus, Dianthus chinensis, Dianthus superbus, Digitalis purpurea, Emilia sagittata, Emilia sonchifolia, Galinsoga parviflora, Glechoma hederacea, Glycine max, Glycine soja, Glycine tomentella, Gomphrena globosa, Gossypium hirsutum, Helianthus annuus, Hibiscus cannabinus, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Iberis coronaria, Lablab purpureus, Lactuca sativa, Lagenaria siceraria, Lathyrus odoratus, Luffa acutangula, Lunaria annua, Lupinus albus, Lychnis chalcedonica, Lychnis dioica, Lycopersicon esculentum, Macroptilium lathyroides, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Narcissus poeticus, Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Narcissus tazetta, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Ocimum basilicum, Pelargonium peltatum, Pelargonium x hortorum, Pelargonium zonale, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus acutifolius, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phytolacca americana, Pisum sativum, Plantago lanceolata, Primula malacoides, Raphanus sativus, Rumex obtusifolius, Sambucus canadensis, Saponaria officinalis, Saponaria vaccaria, Sesamum indicum, Sesbania exaltata, Silene armeria, Sinapis alba, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Solanum tuberosum, Sonchus oleraceus, Sorghum halepense, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media, Tephrosia noctiflora, Tephrosia villosa, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Torenia fournieri, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium repens, Vicia faba, Vigna mungo, Vigna radiata, Vigna subterranea, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis , Zinnia elegans.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Alliaceae, Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, or Asclepiadaceae, Balsaminaceae, Begoniaceae, Berberidaceae, or Boraginaceae, Campanulaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Caryophyllaceae, or Chenopodiaceae, Commelinaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, or Cucurbitaceae, Dipsacaceae, Fumariaceae, Gesneriaceae, Gramineae, or Iridaceae, Labiatae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Lythraceae, Malvaceae, Oxalidaceae, or Papaveraceae, Passifloraceae, Pedaliaceae, Phytolaccaceae, or Plantaginaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polemoniaceae, Polygonaceae, or Portulacaceae, Primulaceae, Ranunculaceae, Resedaceae, or Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae, Tropaeolaceae, or Umbelliferae, Verbenaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Abelmoschus esculentus, Ageratum conyzoides, Ajuga reptans, Allium cepa, Amaranthus caudatus, Amsonia tabernaemontana, Anthriscus cerefolium, Antirrhinum majus, Apium graveolens, Aquilegia coerulea, Arachis hypogaea, Araujia sericofera, Atriplex hortensis, Avena sativa, Bauhinia purpurea, Begonia semperflorens, Belamcanda chinensis, Bellis perennis, Berberis darwinii, Beta vulgaris, Borago officinalis, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Brassica juncea, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Bryonia dioica, Cajanus cajan, Calendula officinalis, Callistephus chinensis, Campanula persicifolia, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, Caryopteris x clandonensis, Cassia occidentalis, Cheiranthus cheiri, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Chrysanthemum parthenium, Cicer arietinum, Citrullus lanatus, Clematis vitalba, Clitoria ternatea, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita pepo, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Dahlia pinnata, Datura ferox, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Daucus carota, Dianthus barbatus, Dianthus caryophyllus, Dipsacus fullonum ssp. sylvestris, Emilia sagittata, Fagopyrum esculentum, Freesia refracta, Fumaria officinalis, Genista hispanica, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Helianthus annuus, Hordeum vulgare, Impatiens balsamina, Lablab purpureus, Lactuca sativa, Lathyrus odoratus, Lens culinaris, Limonium latifolium, Lonicera periclymenum, Lupinus polyphyllus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Lythrum salicaria, Macroptilium lathyroides, Medicago sativa, Mimulus luteus, Momordica balsamina, Momordica charantia, Montia perfoliata, Mycelis muralis, Myosotis sylvatica, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Ocimum basilicum, Oxalis corniculata, Papaver rhoeas, Passiflora caerulea, Pastinaca sativa, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus coccineus, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phlox drummondii, Physalis floridana, Phytolacca americana, Pisum sativum, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Portulaca oleracea, Primula malacoides, Pulicaria dysenterica, Ranunculus repens, Raphanus sativus, Reseda odorata, Senecio vulgaris, Sesamum indicum, Solanum demissum x S. tuberosum, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Solanum quercifolium, Solanum tuberosum, Sonchus asper, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media, Streptocarpus kewensis, Tanacetum vulgare, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Torenia fournieri, Tradescantia zebrina, Trichosanthes anguina, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Trifolium subterraneum, Triticum aestivum, Tropaeolum majus, Verbena hybrida, Verbesina encelioides, Veronica chamaedrys, Vicia faba, Vigna angularis, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis , Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.

Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm, or nucleus, or chloroplast, or mitochondria, or cell vacuole.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells, or not present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are crystals. Inclusions contain mature virions, or do not contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide. The virus spreads in Australasia and Pacific Islands, or South and Central Americas. The virus occurs in Australia, or Belgium, or Colombia, or Denmark, or El Salvador, or Fiji, or France, or Germany, or Greece, or India, or Iran, or Japan, or Jordan, or Kenya, or the Netherlands, or Nigeria, or the Philippines, or the Solomon Islands, or Thailand, or the United Kingdom, or the United States of America, or Yugoslavia.

Taxonomic Structure of the Genus

Type species 00.074.0.02.001. Carnation mottle virus .

Species in the Genus

List of Species in the Genus.
Tentative Species in the Genus.

Data Sources and Contributions

The description has been compiled from data in the ICTV Report presented by Martelli GP, Russo M.

References

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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