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00.073.0.02.001. Rubella virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.073.0.02.001. Rubella virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Japan.

Classification

This is a description of a vertebrate virus at the species level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.073.0.02.001. Virus accession number: 73002001. Obsolete virus code: 73.0.2.0.001; superceded accession number: 73020001.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 11041.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

ICTV approved acronym: (RUBV). Virus is assigned to the genus Rubivirus; family 00.073. Togaviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. During their life cycle, virions have not been observed outside a cellular environment and have a cell-associated cycle. Virus capsid is enveloped by a lipid envelope with structural proteins. Virions are spherical and measure 60-70 nm in diameter. Surface projections are distinctive spikes covering evenly the surface. Surface projections are 5-8 nm long. Capsid/nucleocapsid is round and exhibits icosahedral symmetry.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

The molecular mass (Mr) of virions is 52 x 106. Virions have a buoyant density in sucrose of 1.17-1.2 g cm-3. The sedimentation coefficient is 280 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 58°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 0.35 days (at 37°C in culture medium). Following UV radiation; virion infectivity is rapidly inactivated by heating for 10 min above 5°C. Under in vitro conditions virions are stable when stored at -70°C to -60°C (and keep infectious for prolonged intervals), or 4°C (for several days in the presence of protein). Virions are sensitive to treatment with organic solvents and detergents (which solubilzes their envelops).

Nucleic Acid

The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 9757 nucleotides long. Sequence can be accessed from GenBank. The RNA is fully and partially sequenced, complete sequence is 9757 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number [M15240]. The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap. The 3'-terminus has a poly (A) tract.

Reference to nucleotide sequence in PubMed: nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 3 structural protein(s) located in the envelope and nucleocapsid. The viral envelope contains 2 integral membrane proteins.

Structural Proteins: Envelope protein E1 has a molecular mass of 58000 Da and is the product of the polyprotein of 110 kd, translated from the 24S subgenomic mRNA. Envelope protein has been sequenced; sequence has the accession number [P08563]; is expressed in the late transcription phase; is forming the viral spikes (that conatin neutralization and hemagglutinin epitopes, during post-translational processing envelope protein has been cleaved from the precursor protein (coding for the structural proteins E1, E2 and C, during post-translational processing envelope protein modifications occur that include glycosylation (with both N-linked glycans). Envelope protein E2; has a molecular mass of about 42000-48000 Da; has been sequenced; is expressed in the late transcription phase; during post-translational processing envelope protein modifications occur that include heavy glycosylation (with both N- andO-linked glycans). Nucleocapsid protein C; has a molecular mass of 33000 Da; is the product of the polyprotein 110 kd precursor; has been sequenced; sequence has the accession number [P08563]; is expressed in the late transcription phase; is interacts with the virus genome to form the nucleocapsid; which possess(es) a basic quality through its rich content in arginine and lysine.

Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been identified by sequence analysis (Johnstone P, Whitby J, Bosma T, Best JM and Sanders PG. Sequence variation in 5' termini of rubella virus genomes: Changes affecting structure of the 5' proximal stem-loop. Arch. Virol.).

Lipids

Lipids are present and located in the envelope.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Virus infects during its life cycle a single type of vertebrate host.
Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Animalia.

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata.

Phylum Vertebrata
Subphylum Vertebrata; Class Mammalia.

Class Mammalia Order Primates;
Family Hominidae.

General Symptoms in Animals Infection can affect the endocrine or exocrine system, or dermis, mucosa or epithelium. General symptoms include fever and rashes. Signs and symptoms include maculopapular; erythema marginatum. Lesions are found in skin or dermis.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Although disease expression is dependent on dose, infection is usually subacute. The infection is clinically expressed (but 50% of rubella infections are clinically inapparent). Signs and symptoms may vary, but are usually mild and disappear soon after infection. Prevalence of viral infection is seasonally dependent, and incidences of virus infection are usually observed in spring. Contagiousness is moderate; infected host is contagious for 12 days; the incubation period lasts usually 16-20 day(s).

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by kissing.

Non-Vector Transmission: Virus is by inhaling; the likelihood of viral transmission by respiratory route (air-borne) is significant.

Diagnostic Hosts

For virus isolation the most commonly used cell lines or tissue cultures are from throat washings.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Cell lines or tissue cultures used for propagating virus are AGMK TC, Rab K TC and other TC.

Pathology

Virus can be best detected in respiratory tract.

Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide. The viral host lives under aerobic conditions.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

379; A1; A2; A3; A4; A5; A6; BRD2; C3130; CT; HS; IM; M33; Matsuba; Matsuura Progenitor; NC; SM; Takahashi; TCRB 19; To 336; WK; YT.

References

Frey TK, Marr LD, Hemphill ML and Dominguez G (1986). Molecular cloning and sequencing of the region of the rubella virus genome coding for glycoprotein E1. Virology 154 (1), 228-232 Frey TK and Marr LD (1988). Sequence of the region coding for virion proteins C and E2 and the carboxy terminus of the nonstructural proteins of rubella virus: comparison with alphaviruses. Gene 62 (1), 85-99 Dominguez G, Wang CY and Frey TK (1990). Sequence of the genome RNA of rubella virus: evidence for genetic rearrangement during togavirus evolution. Virology 177 (1), 225-238.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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