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00.073.0.01.028.00.001. Whataroa virus, strain M-78

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.073.0.01.028.00.001. Whataroa virus, strain M-78. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Isolate designation: M-78.
Isolation date: May; 1962.
Location: Whataroa, Westland Nationalpark; South Island; New Zealand (Aotearoa).

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: mosquito (Culex pervigilans).
Virus was isolated from adults.

Reference to Isolation Report
Ross RV (1963). Aust. J.Sci. 26, 20 Maquire T (1967). Amer. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 16, 371.

Biocontainment Level

Distribution of this virus falls under quarantine restrictions. It is recommended to handle this virus at the biocontainment level BSL-2.

Classification

This is a description of an invertebrate and vertebrate virus at the strain level with data limited to classification details. If you have primary data on this virus, please submit them to ICTVdB using the online data entry systems or contact the ICTVdB management.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.073.0.01.028.00.001. Virus accession number: 73001128.
NCBI Taxonomy Identifier Taxon ID: 48543.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Virus is assigned to the genus 00.073.0.01. Alphavirus in the family 00.073. Togaviridae; not assigned to an order.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. During their life cycle, virions have not been observed outside a cellular environment and have a cell-associated cycle. Virus capsid is enveloped (with a tight fitting membrane). Virions are spherical and measure about 70 nm in diameter. Surface projections are distinctive glycoprotein spikes covering evenly the surface. Capsid/nucleocapsid is round and exhibits icosahedral symmetry (T=4). The nucleocapsid is isometric and has a diameter of about 40 nm.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is about 11700 nucleotides long. Sequence can be accessed from GenBank; the RNA is partially sequenced and sequenced region is 4683 nucleotides long, or 1005 nucleotides long, or 293 nucleotides long, or 323 nucleotides long, or 378 nucleotides long, or 517 nucleotides long, or 477 nucleotides long. Sequenced genome has the accession number(s)
[U94606]; [U60398]; [U60408]; [AF339479]; [AF398394]; [AF035687]; [AF023292]. The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap. The 3'-terminus has a poly (A) tract.

Reference to nucleotide sequence in PubMed: nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Virus infects during its life cycle arthropod and vertebrate hosts. Virus has an enzootic cycle and is transmitted from arthropod vector to vertebrate host, but neither vertical nor horizontal transfer of the virus between the vertebrate hosts has been observed. Domain Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Animalia.

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda and Chordata.

Phylum Vertebrata
Subphylum Vertebrata; Class Mammalia.

Class Mammalia Order Rodentia.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector.

Diagnostic Hosts

For virus isolation the most commonly used test animals are suckling mice.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Baby mice.

References

Kinney RM and Pfeffer M (Unpublished). Nucleotide sequence analyses of the 26S mRNAs of viruses of the genus Alphavirus

Powers AM, Brault AC, Shirako Y, Strauss EG, Kang W, Strauss JH and Weaver SC (2001). Evolutionary relationships and systematics of the alphaviruses, J. Virol. 75 (21), 10118-10131

Poidinger M, Mackenzie J, Saleh S, Sammels L and Broom A (Unpublished). A new genetic lineage of Sindbis virus

Pfeffer M, Kinney RM and Kaaden OR (1998). The alphavirus 3'-nontranslated region: size heterogeneity and arrangement of repeated sequence elements, Virology 240 (1), 100-108

Pfeffer M, Proebster B, Kinney RM and Kaaden OR (1997). Genus-specific detection of alphaviruses by a semi-nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 57 (6), 709-718

Weaver SC, Kang W, Shirako Y, Rumenapf T, Strauss EG and Strauss JH (1997). Recombinational history and molecular evolution of western equine encephalomyelitis complex alphaviruses, J. Virol. 71 (1), 613-623.

PubMed References.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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