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00.073.0.01.015.00.001. Middelburg virus, strain AR 749

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.073.0.01.015.00.001. Middelburg virus, strain AR 749. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Isolate designation: AR 749.
Isolation date: 03 July 1957.
Location: South Africa.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Aedes caballus.

Collection and Isolation Details
Virus was isolated by unknown.

Reference to Isolation Report
Kokernot, RH et al. (1957). S. African J. Med. Sci. 22, 14.

Depositories and Collections

The isolate is available (ATCC, American Type Culture Collection).

Biocontainment Level

Distribution of this virus falls under quarantine restrictions. It is recommended to handle this virus at the biocontainment level BSL-3.

Classification

This is a description of an invertebrate or vertebrate virus at the strain level with data limited to classification details. If you have primary data on this virus, please submit them to ICTVdB using the online data entry systems or contact the ICTVdB management.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.073.0.01.015.00.001. Virus accession number: 73001115. Obsolete virus code: 73.0.1.0.015.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 11023.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Virus is assigned to the genus 00.073.0.01. Alphavirus in the family 00.073. Togaviridae; not assigned to an order.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. During their life cycle, virions have not been observed outside a cellular environment and have a cell-associated cycle. Virus capsid is enveloped (with a tight fitting membrane). Virions are spherical and measure about 70 nm in diameter. Surface projections are distinctive glycoprotein spikes covering evenly the surface. Capsid/nucleocapsid is round and exhibits icosahedral symmetry (T=4). The nucleocapsid is isometric and has a diameter of about 40 nm.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is about 11700 nucleotides long. Sequence can be accessed from GenBank; the RNA is partially sequenced and sequenced region is 1005 nucleotides long. Sequenced genome has the accession number(s)
[AF398374]; [AF023284]. The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap. The 3'-terminus has a poly (A) tract.

Reference to nucleotide sequence in PubMed: nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Virus infects during its life cycle arthropod and vertebrate hosts. Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Animalia.

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda and Chordata.

Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Hexapoda; Class Insecta; Subclass Pterygota (winged insects), Order Diptera.

Phylum Vertebrata
Subphylum Vertebrata; Class Mammalia.

Class Mammalia Order Primates;
Family Hominidae.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, insects.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families.

Host:
Experimental host is susceptible to infection suckling mice, newborn chick, lamb. Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of similar neuro-virulence, death.

Diagnostic Hosts

For virus isolation the most commonly used test animals are suckling mice; cell lines or tissue cultures are CE, HaK, TC.

Geographical Distribution

Geographical distribution of the virus is probably restricted. The virus spreads in Africa. The virus is known to occur in temperate regions, or subtropical regions, or tropical regions; viral host lives in the atmosphere. The viral host is found in a pristine environment with no signs of human interference, or a undisturbed environment yet with signs of human disturbance. The virus occurs in South Africa.

References

Powers AM, Brault AC, Shirako Y, Strauss EG, Kang W, Strauss JH and Weaver SC (2001). Evolutionary relationships and systematics of the alphaviruses, J. Virol. 75, 10118-10131 Pfeffer M, Kinney RM and Kaaden OR (1998). The alphavirus 3'-nontranslated region: size heterogeneity and arrangement of repeated sequence elements, Virology 240, 100-108 Pfeffer M, Proebster B, Kinney RM and Kaaden OR (1997). Genus-specific detection of alphaviruses by a semi-nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 57, 709-718.

PubMed References.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Comments to ICTVdB Management
Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
Copyright © 2002    International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.    All rights reserved.


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