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00.072.0.01. Tobravirus
Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006).
00.072.0.01. Tobravirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database,
version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA
Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/
This is a description of a
plant virus at the genus level (not yet assigned to
a family).
ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.072.0.01. Virus accession number:
072001GE. Obsolete virus code: 72.0.1; superceded accession number: 72010000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID:
12293.
Name, Synonyms and Lineage
Synonym(s): Tobacco
rattle virus group. Virus is not assigned to a family.
Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not
enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical
symmetry. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component. The
capsid is rod-shaped, straight; has a herring-bone
pattern (of 4-5 nm) with clear predominate lengths with a length of L
180-215 nm, or 46-115 nm (S. Many strains produce in addition small
amounts of shorter particles) and a width of in electron microscopy 21.3-23.1
nm, or 20.5-22.5 nm (in X-ray diffraction). Axial canal is distinct, or
indistinct; 4 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious, or obscure. Pitch of helix
is 2.5 nm.
Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation
contains few virions.
Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of
1.306-1.31-1.324 g cm-3; sucrose of 1.27 g
cm-3. There are 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified
preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 286-297-305
S20w; of the other(s) are 163-186.5-210
S20w. A260/A280 ratio is
1.1-1.137-1.15. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at
74-80.33-85°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is
40-90-183 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the
decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 5-6. The
infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether; retained when deproteinized
with proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.
The Mr
of the genome constitutes 5% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented;
bipartite, segements are distributed among 2 particle types of linear,
positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of
non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated
nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain
subgenomic RNA, that is mRNA. The complete genome is
8600-11300 nucleotides long, is fully sequenced, complete
sequence is 6800 nucleotides long. Is fully sequenced, complete
sequence is 1800-4500 nucleotides long (depending on isolate). The genome
has a base ratio of 24-24.7-25.5 % guanine; 26-27.65-29.5 %
adenine; 16.5-17.27-18 % cytosine; 28.5-30.37-32 % uracil.
The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap; cap sequence type is
m7GpppA. The multipartite genome is divided among more than one type of
particle and the segments are distributed between 2 different types of
particles.
GenBank records for
nucleotide sequences;
complete genome sequences.
Proteins
constitute about 95% of the particle weight.
The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.
Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).
Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural
proteins have been isolated, or identified by sequence analysis
and 2 non-structural protein(s) are found, or 3 non-structural
protein(s) are found.
Lipids are not
reported.
Genome Organization and Replication
Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is
present in infected cells.
Translation: The genome replicates in
the cytoplasm.
Natural Host
Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain
Eucarya.
Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.
Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta
(Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).
Severity and Occurrence of
Disease
Host: Signs and symptoms persist, or
vary seasonally, or disappear soon after infection.
Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by
mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact
between hosts; transmitted by seeds.
Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by nematodes; family
Trichodoridae.
Experimental Hosts and Symptoms
Under
experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many
families, several families, few families. Susceptible host species are found in
the Family Alliaceae, Amaranthaceae, Amaryllidaceae,
Apocynaceae, Aspidiaceae, Aspleniaceae,
Boraginaceae, Campanulaceae, Caryophyllaceae,
Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae,
Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Gramineae,
Hyacinthaceae, Labiatae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae,
Liliaceae, Linaceae, Phytolaccaceae,
Pteridaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Sinopteridaceae,
Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae, Tropaeolaceae,
Umbelliferae, Violaceae. The following species were susceptible
to experimental virus infection: Allium cepa, Amaranthus
caudatus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Antirrhinum majus,
Arachis hypogaea, Avena sativa, Bellis perennis,
Beta vulgaris, Bidens pilosa, Brassica campestris,
Brassica campestris ssp. napus, Brassica campestris ssp.
pekinensis, Brassica juncea, Calendula officinalis,
Capsella bursa-pastoris, Capsicum annuum, Catharanthus
roseus, Cheiranthus cheiri, Chenopodium album,
Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium foetidum,
Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Coriandrum
sativum, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cynara
scolymus, Datura stramonium, Glycine max,
Gomphrena globosa, Gypsophila elegans, Helianthus
annuus, Hyacinthus, Hyoscyamus niger, Lactuca
sativa, Lathyrus odoratus, Linum usitatissimum,
Lobelia erinus, Lupinus mutabilis, Lycopersicon
esculentum, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, Melilotus
albus, Momordica balsamina, Myosotis sylvatica,
Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana
benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi,
Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana
rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum,
Nicotiana x edwardsonii, Ocimum basilicum, Pellaea
falcata, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris,
Phyllitis scolopendrium, Phytolacca americana, Pisum
sativum, Polystichum falcatum, Pteris 'Childsii',
Pteris cretica var. albo-lineata, Raphanus sativus,
Ricinus communis, Salvia splendens, Senecio vulgaris,
Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Solanum
tuberosum, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media,
Tetragonia tetragonioides, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium
pratense, Trifolium repens, Tropaeolum majus,
Tulipa, Vicia faba, Vicia villosa, Vigna
unguiculata, Viola arvensis.
Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families
containing insusceptible hosts: Alliaceae,
Amaranthaceae,
Caryophyllaceae,
Chenopodiaceae,
Compositae,
Cruciferae,
Cucurbitaceae, or
Gesneriaceae,
Gramineae,
Leguminosae-Papilionoideae,
Polemoniaceae, or
Polygonaceae,
Rosaceae,
Rutaceae,
Solanaceae,
Umbelliferae. Species
inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Allium
cepa, Avena sativa, Beta vulgaris, Brassica
campestris ssp. rapa, Citrus medica, Cucumis
sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Datura ferox, Datura
metel, Datura stramonium, Daucus carota, Dianthus
barbatus, Dianthus caryophyllus, Fragaria vesca,
Gomphrena globosa, Hordeum vulgare, Lactuca sativa,
Lycopersicon esculentum, Matthiola incana, Medicago
sativa, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa,
Nicotiana tabacum, Phlox drummondii, Physalis
floridana, Rumex acetosa, Secale cereale,
Sinningia speciosa, Solanum tuberosum, Trifolium
incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens,
Triticum aestivum, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata,
Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.
Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm.
Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells.
Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic
inclusions are amorphous X-bodies. Inclusions contain mature virions.
The virus spreads in Eurasia, or North America, or South
and Central Americas. The virus occurs in Belgium, or Brazil, or China, or
Italy, or Japan, or Morocco, or the Netherlands, or Sweden, or the United
Kingdom, or the USSR (former).
Type species 00.072.0.01.001.
Tobacco rattle virus .
List of Species in the
Genus.
Data Sources and
Contributions
The
following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
PubMed References.
Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.
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