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00.071.0.01. Tobamovirus
Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006).
00.071.0.01. Tobamovirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database,
version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA
Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/
This is a description of a
plant virus at the genus level (not yet assigned to
a family).
ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.071.0.01. Virus accession number:
071001GE. Obsolete virus code: 71.0.1.; superceded accession number: 71010000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID:
12234.
Name, Synonyms and Lineage
Synonym(s): Tobacco
mosaic virus group. Virus is not assigned to a family.
Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not
enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical
symmetry. Virus preparations contain occasionally more than one particle
component. The capsid is rod-shaped, straight; has a
herring-bone pattern with a low percentage in population clear predominate
lengths (about one third of the usual length), or a clear modal length with a
length of 297-303.3-320 nm; short particles 70-100 nm and a width of
15-17.26-18.2 nm. Axial canal is distinct, or indistinct;
2-3.257-4 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious, or obscure. Pitch of
helix is 2.3-2.314-2.4 nm.
Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation
contains few virions, or many virions.
Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of
1.25-1.325-1.37 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting
component(s) found in purified preparations, or 2 sedimenting component(s) found
in purified preparations, or 3 sedimenting component(s) found in purified
preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 176-190.8-212
S20w; of the other(s) are 35-87-119
S20w. Isoelectric point pH is 3.16-3.853-4.64.
A260/A280 ratio is 0.63-1.113-1.33. The thermal
inactivation point (TIP) is at 80-91.5-95°C. The longevity in
vitro (LIV) is 30-3898-35000 days. Although the titer is dependent
on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually
around 5, or 6, or 7, or 8, or 10. The infectivity is not changed by treatment
with ether; retained when deproteinized with proteases, or decreased when
deproteinized with proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or
detergent.
The Mr
of the genome constitutes 5% of the virion by weight. The genome is usually
monomeric, or polymeric (that is mRNA encoding the coat protein which is
encapsidated in the short particles, not segmented and contains a single
molecule of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded
RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in
virions, or not found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of
genomic origin, but virions may also contain nucleic acid of host origin and
subgenomic mRNA including host rRNA found in the short particles of
some species. The genome is sequenced,
and complete sequence is about 6355-6453-6500
nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of 23-24.32-25.8 %
guanine; 24.6-27.92-29.8 % adenine; 18-19.02-20.6 %
cytosine; 26.3-28.72-31.6 % uracil. The 5'-end of the genome has a
methylated nucleotide cap; cap sequence type is m7G5'ppp5 ('Gp). The
3'-terminus has a tRNA-like structure (which accepts histidine). Each
virion contains a longer than full length copy.
GenBank records for
nucleotide sequences;
complete genome sequences.
Proteins
constitute about 95% of the particle weight.
The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.
Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s), or 2 structural protein(s).
Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural
proteins have been identified by sequence analysis and 4
non-structural protein(s) are found.
Lipids are not
reported.
Genome Organization and Replication
Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is
present in infected cells; encoding the coat protein.
Translation: The genome replicates in
the cytoplasm.
Natural Host
Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain
Eucarya.
Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.
Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta
(Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae), or Liliopsida
(Monocotyledonae).
Severity and Occurrence of
Disease
Host: Signs and symptoms persist, or
vary seasonally, or disappear soon after infection.
Virus is transmitted by a vector, or not transmitted by a
vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting;
transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds, or not transmitted
by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.
Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects
of the order Coleoptera.
Experimental Hosts and Symptoms
Under
experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many
families, several families, few families. Susceptible host species are found in
the Family Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Basellaceae,
Cactaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae,
Compositae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae,
Gramineae, Labiatae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae,
Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (6), Malvaceae,
Orchidaceae, Papaveraceae, Passifloraceae,
Plantaginaceae, Polemoniaceae, Portulacaceae,
Rosaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae,
Tetragoniaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Umbelliferae. The
following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection:
Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Antirrhinum
majus, Beta vulgaris, Brassica campestris,
Brassica campestris ssp. napus, Brassica campestris ssp.
pekinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa,
Brassica juncea, Brassica nigra, Brassica oleracea
var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata,
Cajanus cajan, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum,
Capsicum cardenasii, Capsicum chacoense, Capsicum
chinense, Capsicum eximium, Capsicum frutescens,
Capsicum microcarpum, Capsicum praetermissum, Capsicum
pubescens, Cassia occidentalis, Cassia tora,
Catharanthus roseus, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium
amaranticolor, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Chenopodium
capitatum, Chenopodium foliosum, Chenopodium hybridum,
Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Cichorium
endiva, Citrullus lanatus, Citrullus vulgaris,
Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria retusa, Crotalaria
spectabilis, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus,
Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo,
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Cymbidium alexanderi,
Cyphomandra betacea, Datura metel, Datura stramonium,
Datura tatula, Digitalis lanata, Eryngium
aquaticum, Eryngium planum, Eutrema wasabi,
Gomphrena globosa, Helianthus annuus, Hibiscus,
Hordeum vulgare, Hyoscyamus niger, Lablab purpureus,
Lactuca sativa, Lagenaria siceraria, Luffa
acutangula, Lupinus albus, Lycopersicon chilense,
Lycopersicon esculentum, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium,
Melandrium album, Momordica charantia, Montia
perfoliata, Mucuna aterrima, Nicandra physalodes,
Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana
clevelandii (11), Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glauca,
Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana glutinosa x N.
clevelandii, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana
occidentalis, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris,
Nicotiana tabacum (15), Nicotiana x edwardsonii,
Ocimum basilicum, Odontoglossum grande, Opuntia
engelmannii, Papaver nudicaule, Passiflora edulis,
Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus
vulgaris, Phlox drummondii (1), Physalis floridana,
Physalis peruviana, Pisum sativum, Plantago
lanceolata, Plantago major, Plumeria acutifolia,
Plumeria alba, Raphanus sativus, Rorippa amphibia,
Rorippa sylvestris (1), Rosa, Salvia splendens,
Sesbania exaltata, Sisymbrium loeselii, Solanum
giganteum, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum,
Solanum pseudocapsicastrum, Solanum tuberosum, Solanum
tuberosum ssp. andigena x S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum
(1), Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media, Tetragonia
tetragonioides, Trifolium subterraneum, Triticum
aestivum, Tropaeolum majus, Ullucus tuberosus,
Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp.
cylindrica, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis ,
Zinnia elegans.
Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families
containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae,
Apocynaceae, or
Caryophyllaceae,
Chenopodiaceae,
Compositae,
Convolvulaceae, or
Cruciferae,
Cucurbitaceae,
Gesneriaceae,
Gramineae,
Labiatae, or
Leguminosae-Papilionoideae,
Malvaceae,
Pedaliaceae,
Polygonaceae, or
Portulacaceae,
Solanaceae (11/14), or Tetragoniaceae,
Umbelliferae.
Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility:
Abelmoschus esculentus, Apium graveolens, Arachis
hypogaea, Avena sativa, Bellis perennis, Beta
vulgaris, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis,
Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Cajanus cajan,
Capsella bursa-pastoris, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum
frutescens, Catharanthus roseus, Cheiranthus cheiri,
Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium foetidum,
Chrysanthemum morifolium, Citrullus vulgaris, Clitoria
ternatea, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita
pepo, Cyphomandra betacea, Dahlia pinnata, Datura
metel, Datura stramonium, Daucus carota, Dianthus
barbatus, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa,
Gossypium hirsutum, Helianthus annuus, Hordeum
vulgare, Ipomoea nil, Ipomoea setosa, Lablab
purpureus, Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum,
Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, Macrotyloma uniflorum,
Matthiola incana, Montia perfoliata, Nicotiana
glauca, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana megalosiphon,
Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Ocimum
basilicum, Pastinaca sativa, Petroselinum crispum,
Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus acutifolius, Phaseolus
vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Raphanus sativus, Rumex
acetosa, Salvia splendens, Secale cereale, Sesamum
indicum, Sinningia speciosa, Solanum melongena,
Solanum nigrum, Solanum tuberosum, Spinacia oleracea,
Stellaria media, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Trifolium
incarnatum, Trifolium repens, Triticum aestivum,
Vicia faba, Vicia sativa, Vigna unguiculata,
Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica, Vigna unguiculata
ssp. sesquipedalis , Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.
Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm, or nucleus,
or chloroplast, or cell vacuole.
Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells.
Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic
inclusions are crystals, or amorphous X-bodies, or viroplasma. Inclusions
contain mature virions, or do not contain mature virions.
The virus is probably distributed worldwide. The virus
spreads in Eurasia. The virus occurs in Argentina, or Australia, or Denmark, or
France, or Hungary, or Iceland, or India, or Italy, or Japan, or Kenya, or the
Netherlands, or Peru, or Spain, or the United Kingdom, or the United States of
America.
Type species 00.071.0.01.001.
Tobacco mosaic virus .
List of Species in the
Genus.
Tentative Species in the
Genus.
Data Sources and
Contributions
The
following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
PubMed References.
A description of the virus is found
in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied
Biologists (AAB), with the number
184.
Taxon images: • EM by Dr Robley Williams. • EM from IACR Rothamsted.
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