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00.071.0.01.011. Tobacco mild green mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.071.0.01.011. Tobacco mild green mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the Canary Islands; Spain.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Nicotiana glauca.

Natural host and symptoms
Nicotiana glauca — bright yellow mosaic, mottling, ringspots and cupping; stunting.

N. tabacum cv. Samsun — mild green mosaic.

Capsicum annuum — severe necrotic mosaic; plants often killed.

Eryngium aquaticum, E. planum — systemic yellow flecking.

Reference to Isolation Report
McKinney (1929).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.071.0.01.011. Virus accession number: 71001011. Obsolete virus code: 71.0.1.0.011; superceded accession number: 71010011.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12241.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): green-tomato atypical mosaic virus (Wetter, 1984; 1986), mild strain of tobacco mosaic virus (Johnson, 1947; Wetter, 1984), para—tobacco mosaic virus (Köhler and Panjan, 1943; Wetter, 1984), tobacco mosaic virus — South Carolina mild mottling strain (McKinney, 1952; Wetter, 1984), tobacco mosaic virus strain U2 (Johnson, 1947; Siegel and Wildman, 1954; Wetter, 1984), tobacco mosaic virus strain U5, tomato atypical mosaic green mottling strain (Knight et al., 1962; Miller and Thornberry, 1958). ICTV approved acronym: TMGMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.071.0.01. Tobamovirus; not assigned to a family.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is rod-shaped, straight with a clear modal length with a length of 308 nm and a width of 18 nm. Axial canal is distinct. Basic helix is obvious.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Boedtker and Simmons (1958).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.307 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 190 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is 3.16. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 85-90°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is more than 35000 days (i.e. more than 90 years). The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 5% of the virion by weight. The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 6355 nucleotides long, is fully and partially sequenced, complete sequence is 6355 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number

[M34077] Em(40)_vi:TMGCG Gb(84)_vi:TMGCG Tobacco mild green mosaic virus complete genome. 1/91 6,355bp
[M34236] Em(40)_vi:TMGMPCPA Gb(84)_vi:TMGMPCPA Tobacco mild green mosaic virus movement and coat protein genes, complete cds. 2/91 1,413bp.
[X81172] Gb(84)n:TMGMVAUS6 Tobacco mild green mosaic Virus AUS6 genomic RNA. 8/94 414bp
[X81173] Gb(84)n:TMGVCA7 Tobacco mild green mosaic Virus CA7 genomic RNA. 8/94 414bp.
[X81174] Gb(84)n:TMGVCRA Tobacco mild green mosaic Virus CR-A genomic RNA. 8/94 414bp.
[X81175] Gb(84)n:TMGVCRB Tobacco mild green mosaic Virus CR-B genomic RNA. 8/94 414bp.
[X81176] Gb(84)n:TMGVE5 Tobacco mild green mosaic Virus E5 genomic RNA. 8/94 414bp.
[X81177] Gb(84)n:TMGVEGYPT Tobacco mild green mosaic Virus EGYPT genomic RNA. 8/94 414bp.
[X81178] Gb(84)n:TMGVGAE21 Tobacco mild green mosaic Virus GAE2.1 genomic RNA. 8/94 414bp.
[X81179] Gb(84)n:TMGVMV1 Tobacco mild green mosaic Virus MV1 genomic RNA. 8/94 414bp
[X81180] Gb(84)n:TGMVNSW38 Tobacco mild green mosaic Virus NSW/38 genomic RNA. 8/94 414bp.
[X81181] Gb(84)n:TMGMVU2D Tobacco mild green mosaic Virus U2-D genomic RNA. 8/94 414bp.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 95% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Altschuh et al. (1981).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is infectious.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to tobacco mosaic, Tomato mosaic and Odontoglossum ringspot viruses are closely related and Cucumber green mottle mosaic and Sunn-hemp mosaic viruses are distantly related.

The virion protein of tobacco mild green mosaic virus has 67-68% amino acid homology with those of tobacco mosaic and Tomato mosaic, 60% with Odontoglossum ringspot and less than 45% with those of other tobamoviruses; thus it is most closely related to other 'solanaceous tobamoviruses' (Gibbs, 1986). Nucleic acid hybridization tests confirm these results (Palukaitis and Symons, 1980).

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are tobacco mild green mosaic virus infects Eryngium aquaticum and E. planum systemically, whereas tobacco mosaic and pepper mild mottle viruses infect only inoculated leaves.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ASTERIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by seeds.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Chenopodiaceae, Labiatae, Solanaceae, Umbelliferae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Capsicum annuum, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Datura stramonium, Eryngium aquaticum, Eryngium planum, Lycopersicon esculentum (cv. Rutgers), Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glauca, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana glutinosa x N. clevelandii, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Ocimum basilicum, Petunia x hybrida.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Lycopersicon esculentum (cv. Marmande).

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Nicotiana glutinosa, N. sylvestris, N. tabacum cvs Xanthi-nc, White Burley — systemic yellow mosaic, ringspots.

Datura stramonium, Chenopodium amaranticolor — local lesions; not systemic.

Eryngium aquaticum, E. planum — systemic yellow flecks.

Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Rutgers — yellow mosaic with Australian isolate.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Lycopersicon esculentum, Canary Island and American cvs to Canary Island isolates (McKinney, 1929) L. esculentum cv. Marmande (Wetter et al., 1984).

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Nicotiana glauca, N. tabacum cv. Samsun, Eryngium aquaticum (maintenance), Nicotiana clevelandii.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Nicotiana glutinosa (L), Datura stramonium (L).

References to host data: Wetter (1980; 1984, Wetter et al. (1984).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant (Solberg and Bald, 1963). Virions are found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and chloroplast.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are crystals. Inclusions are angled-layer aggregates and paracrystals. Inclusions contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide (in Nicotiana glauca in Mediterranean climatic regions).

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by McKinney (1929, Randles et al. (1981, Wetter (1980).

References

Bald, JG and Goodchild, D.J. (1960). Phytopathology 50: 497.

Boedtker, H. and Simmons, N.S. (1958). J. Am. chem. Soc. 80: 2550.

Gibbs, AJ. (1986). In: The Plant Viruses; Vol. 2, The Rod-Shaped Plant Viruses; eds M.H.V. van Regenmortel and H. Fraenkel-Conrat Plenum Press, New York.

Johnson, J. (1947). Phytopathology 37: 822.

Knight, CA, Silva, DM, Dahl, D. and Tsugita, A (1962). Virology 16: 236.

Köhler, E. and Panjan, M. (1943). Ber. Deutsch. bot. Ges. 61: 175.

McKinney, HH (1929). J. Agric. Res. 39: 557.

McKinney, HH (1952). Pl. Dis. Reptr 36: 184.

Miller, P.M. and Thornberry, HH (1958). Phytopathology 48: 665.

Palukaitis, P. and Symons, RH (1980). Virology 107: 354.

Randles, J., Palukaitis, P. and Davies, C. (1981). Ann. appl. Biol. 98: 109.

Solis, I. and Garcia-Arenal, F. (1990). Virology 177: 553.

Siegel, A and Wildman, S.G. (1954). Phytopathology 44: 277.

Van de Walle, M.J. and Siegel, A (1982). Phytopathology 72: 390.

Wetter, C. (1980). Z. PflKrankh. PflPath. PflSchutz. 87: 150.

Wetter, C. (1984). Phytopathology 74: 1308.

Wetter, C. (1986). In: Plant Viruses; Vol. 2, The Rod-Shaped Plant Viruses; eds M.H.V. van Regenmortel and H. Fraenkel-Conrat Plenum Press, New York.

Wetter, C. (1989). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 351, 6 pp.

Wetter, C., Conti, M., Altschuh, D., Tabillion, R. and van Regenmortel, M.H.V. (1984). Phytopathology 74: 405.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 801 by A.J. Gibbs, 1988. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 351.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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