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00.071.0.01.010. Sunn-hemp mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.071.0.01.010. Sunn-hemp mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: India.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Crotalaria juncea.

Natural host and symptoms
Crotalaria juncea, Lablab purpureus, Vigna unguiculata, Mucuna aterrima — systemic mosaic, mottling, stunting.

Reference to Isolation Report
Capoor and Varma (1948).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.071.0.01.010. Virus accession number: 71001010. Obsolete virus code: 71.0.1.0.010; superceded accession number: 71010010.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12240.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): bean strain of tobacco mosaic virus, cowpea strain of tobacco mosaic virus, cowpea chlorotic spot virus (Sharma and Varma, 1975; Varma, 1986), cowpea mosaic virus (Lister and Thresh, 1955; Kassanis and Varma, 1975), cowpea yellow mosaic virus, Crotalaria mucronata mosaic virus, dolichos enation mosaic virus (Capoor and Varma, 1948; Kassanis and Varma, 1975), Sunn-hemp rosette virus (Varma, 1986; Verma and Awasthi, 1976; 1978). ICTV approved acronym: SHMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.071.0.01. Tobamovirus; not assigned to a family.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is rod-shaped, straight with a clear modal length with a length of 300 nm (also c. 25 nm) and a width of 17 nm. Axial canal is indistinct; 4 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious. Pitch of helix is 2.3 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Kassanis and Varma (1975).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.318 g cm-3. There are 3 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is of the fastest 187 S20w; of the other(s) are 35 S20w, or 75 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 90-95°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 3000 days (or longer). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 6-7. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether; retained when deproteinized with proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 5% of the virion by weight. The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions (short virions). The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA, that is mRNA. The complete genome is 6500 nucleotides long, is partially sequenced, sequenced region is 129 nucleotides long and encodes replicase mRNA. Sequence has the accession number [U47034]. The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap. The 3'-terminus has a tRNA-like structure that can be aminoacylated with valine.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 95% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Rees and Short (1975).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells; encoding found in short virions the coat protein.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to most tobamoviruses.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by contact between hosts; probably transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae, Tropaeolaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Beta vulgaris, Cajanus cajan, Capsicum frutescens, Cassia tora, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria retusa, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Datura stramonium, Datura tatula, Gomphrena globosa, Lablab purpureus, Mucuna aterrima, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis peruviana, Pisum sativum, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Spinacia oleracea, Tropaeolum majus, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis .

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Apocynaceae, Compositae, Cucurbitaceae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Malvaceae, Polygonaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Abelmoschus esculentus, Catharanthus roseus, Cucumis sativus, Lablab purpureus, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Rumex acetosa, Vicia faba, Zinnia elegans.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Cajanus cajan — systemic leaf mosaic and mottling.

Crotalaria juncea — systemic vein yellowing, mosaic, mottling and stunting.

Cyamopsis tetragonoloba — necrotic local lesions.

Phaseolus vulgaris — necrotic or chlorotic local lesions; systemic mosaic and vein yellowing.

Vigna unguiculata — systemic mosaic, mottling and vein yellowing.

Nicotiana glutinosa — necrotic local lesions; not systemic.

Petunia x hybrida, Solanum melongena, Tropaeolum majus — few or no systemic symptoms.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Catharanthus roseus, Cucumis sativus, Lablab purpureus, Vicia faba (with most, but not all, isolates).

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Phaseolus vulgaris.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Nicotiana glutinosa (L), N. tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc (L), Phaseolus vulgaris (L), most cultivars.

References to host data: Capoor (1962).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are amorphous X-bodies.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in in the tropics.

References

Capoor, S.P. and Varma, S.P. (1948). Curr. Sci. 17: 57.

Capoor, S.P. (1962). Phytopathology 52: 393.

Kassanis, B. and McCarthy, D. (1967). J. gen. Virol. 1: 425.

Kassanis, B. and Varma, A (1975). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 153, 4 pp.

Lister, RM and Thresh, J.M. (1955). Nature, Lond. 175: 1047

Rees, M.N. and Short, M.N. (1975). Biochim. biophys. Acta 393: 15.

Sharma, S.R. and Varma, A (1975). Indian Phytopath. 28: 292.

Varma, A (1986). In: The Plant Viruses, Vol. 2, The Rod-Shaped Plant Viruses, p. 249; eds M.H.V. van Regenmortel and H. Fraenkel-Conrat Plenum Press, New York.

Verma, H.N. and Awasthi, L.P. (1976). Curr. Sci. 45: 642.

Verma, H.N. and Awasthi, L.P. (1978). Phytopath. Z. 92: 83.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 776 by A.J. Gibbs, 1983. Revised 1985.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 153.



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ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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