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00.071.0.01.007. Pepper mild mottle virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.071.0.01.007. Pepper mild mottle virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: South Carolina; the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Capsicum annuum.

Natural host and symptoms
Capsicum ssp. — mild chlorosis and stunting, especially if plants infected when young. Fruits are small, malformed, mottled and some have necrotic depressions.

Reference to Isolation Report
McKinney (1952).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.071.0.01.007. Virus accession number: 71001007. Obsolete virus code: 71.0.1.0.007; superceded accession number: 71010007.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12239.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): Samsun latent strain of tobacco mosaic virus, pepper mosaic virus (Cohen and Ben-Josef, 1989; Tanzi et al., 1988). ICTV approved acronym: PMMoV. Acronym(s): PMMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.071.0.01. Tobamovirus; not assigned to a family.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is rod-shaped, straight with a clear modal length with a length of 312 nm and a width of 18 nm. Axial canal is distinct; 4 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious. Pitch of helix is c. 2.3 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Wetter et al. (1984).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. Isoelectric point pH is 3.38-3.71. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 95°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is more than 30 days (i.e several months). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 6-8 (Wetter and Conti, 1984). The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA, is partially sequenced. Sequence has the accession number [M81413] Em(40)_vi:PPPSLF Gb(84)_vi:PPPSLF Nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of the tobamovirus Pepper mild mottle virus, strain S, 1 sequence.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Fraenkel-Conrat (1957).

Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Wetter et al. (1984, Creaser et al. (1989).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Translation: The genome replicates in the cytoplasm.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to tobacco mosaic, tobacco mild green mosaic, Tomato mosaic, Odontoglossum ringspot, ribgrass mosaic, Sunn-hemp mosaic and Cucumber green mottle viruses.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ASTERIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist, or vary seasonally.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Chenopodiaceae, Labiatae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum cardenasii, Capsicum chacoense, Capsicum chinense, Capsicum eximium, Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum microcarpum, Capsicum praetermissum, Capsicum pubescens, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Ocimum basilicum, Petunia x hybrida, Physalis floridana.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Cucurbitaceae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Capsicum annuum, Cucumis sativus, Gomphrena globosa, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana glauca, Nicotiana rustica, Vigna unguiculata.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Datura metel — local necrosis and abscission.

Datura stramonium — small necrotic local lesions; not systemic.

Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa — chlorotic local lesions; not systemic.

Capsicum chacoense, C. praetermissum — severe systemic necrosis.

Nicotiana glutinosa, N. sylvestris, N. tabacum cvs White Burley and Xanthi-nc — small necrotic local lesions; not systemic.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Cucumis sativus, Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana rustica. Many other species in the Solanaceae are susceptible, but not Lycopersicon esculentum or Nicotiana glauca.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Capsicum frutescens and cultivars of Capsicum annuum that are immune to tobacco mosaic virus.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Nicotiana glutinosa (L), N. sylvestris (L), Datura stramonium (L), Chenopodium quinoa (L), C. amaranticolor (L).

References to host data: Wetter et al. (1984, Wetter and Conti (1987).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in mesophyll and phloem. Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are crystals. Inclusions are aggregates layered in angles. Inclusions contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Argentina, Australia, Denmark, France, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Capsicum mosaic virus; Samsun latent virus, pepper unusual strain, also isolate P8 of tobacco mosaic virus.

References

Cohen, S. and Ben-Josef, R. (1989). Hassadeh 70: 394.

Creaser, W., Gibbs, AJ. and Pares, R.D. (1987). Australas. Pl. Path. 16: 85.

Marte, M. and Wetter, C. (1986). Z. PflKrankh. PflPath. PflSchutz. 93: 37.

McKinney, HH (1952). Pl. Dis. Reptr 36: 184.

Paludan, N. (1982). Acta Hort. 127: 65.

Pares, R.D. (1985). Ann. appl. Biol. 106: 469.

Tanzi, M., Betti, L., Bertaccini, A and Canova, A (1988). Phytopath. Medit. 27: 28.

Tobias, J., Rast, ATh.B. and Maat, D.Z. (1982). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 88: 257.

Wetter, C. (1984). Plant Dis. 68: 597.

Wetter, C. and Conti, M. (1987). AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 330.

Wetter, C., Conti, M., Altschuh, D., Tabillion, R. and van Regenmortel, M.H.V. (1984). Phytopathology 74: 405.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 599 by C. Wetter, 1987. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 330.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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