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00.067.0.01.008. Sowbane mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.067.0.01.008. Sowbane mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Riverside, California, U.S.A.; the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Chenopodium murale.

Natural host and symptoms
Chenopodium ssp. — systemic chlorotic mottling.

Vitis sp., Prunus domestica — latent infection, but rarely infected.

Atriplex suberecta — stunting and leaf deformation.

Chenopodium murale — symptomless.

Reference to Isolation Report
Bennett and Costa (1961).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.067.0.01.008. Virus accession number: 67001008. Obsolete virus code: 67.0.1.0.008; superceded accession number: 67010008.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): apple latent virus 2 (Bancroft and Tolin, 1967; Kirkpatrick et al., 1965), chenopodium mosaic virus (Bennett and Costa, 1961; Dias and Waterworth, 1967; Silva et al., 1958; Vuittenez, 1962), chenopodium seed-borne mosaic virus (Dias and Waterworth, 1967), chenopodium star mottle virus (Bancroft and Tolin, 1967). ICTV approved acronym: SoMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species. Virus is of the genus 00.067.0.01. Sobemovirus; not assigned to a family.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 26-28 nm. Capsids appear round, or hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions (Teakle, 1968). Virions of some isolates may be more stable in PTA at pH 4 than at pH 7 (Finlay and Teakle, 1969; Guy, 1982). Reference for electron microscopic methods: Steere (1956, Kado (1967, Guy (1982) used the method of Steere (1956), but resuspended virions in 10 mM sodium acetate, 1 mM magnesium acetate, pH 6.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 104-107 S20w (Kado, 1971; Guy, 1982). Isoelectric point pH is 4.4 (Kado, 1971). The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at usually 86-96°C (Dias and Waterworth, 1967; Kado, 1971). The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 60 days (at 23°C; Kado, 1971). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 7-9 (or more; Kado, 1971; Teakle, 1968). The infectivity is retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent (but infectivity is reduced; Saksena and Mink, 1970).

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 20% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered. The complete genome is 4200 nucleotides long. Genome is sequenced, but only an estimate is available, complete sequence is 4200 nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of 26 % guanine; 23.2 % adenine; 27.2 % cytosine; 23.2 % uracil. Reference to nucleotide sequence Tremaine and Ronald (1977).

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 80% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Kado, 1967.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

The virus does not show serological relationships to cocksfoot mottle, lucerne transient streak, rice yellow mottle, southern bean mosaic and turnip rosette viruses.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is probably transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by seeds (up to 60% in Chenopodium quinoa; Dias and Waterworth, 1967, and 20-70% in Chenopodium murale; Bennett and Costa, 1961, transmitted by pollen to the seed and transmitted by pollen to the pollinated plant (pollen contains much virus, Francki and Miles, 1985).

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, family Aphididae, Cicadellidae; Myzus persicae, Circulifer tenellus, Liriomyza langei, Halticus citri (Bennett and Costa, 1961). Probably none of these transmit frequently or specifically. Virus is not transmitted by Myzus persicae; Dias and Waterworth (1967). Virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner (Bennett and Costa, 1961).

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae, Vitidaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Atriplex hortensis, Atriplex suberecta, Beta macrocarpa, Beta vulgaris, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium capitatum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, or Fabaceae, Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Prunus domestica, or Solanaceae, Spinacia oleracea, Vigna unguiculata, Vitis.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Nicotiana glutinosa.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, C. murale — chlorotic local lesions, systemic yellow flecking, star shaped patterns, leaf deformation.

Beta vulgaris — mild systemic mosaic.

Only species of Chenopodiaceae show symptoms, but the virus locally infects plant species of several families including Solanaceae and Fabaceae (Dias and Waterworth, 1967).

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Chenopodium amaranticolor; C. quinoa; C. murale — for maintenance. Spinacia oleracea for purification.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Chenopodium amaranticolor (L, C. quinoa (L).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in mesophyll and xylem, but never in phloem (Lombardo et al., 1971). Virions are found in the cytoplasm and cell vacuole.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are crystals. Inclusions contain mature virions. Other cellular changes include proliferation of tonoplasts with concentric membranes bulging into the vacuole (Lombardo et al., 1971).

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in South and Central Americas. The virus occurs in Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, Czechoslovakia (former), Italy, Japan, the United States of America, and Yugoslavia.

References

Bancroft, J.B. and Tolin, S.A. (1967). Phytopathology 57: 639.

Bennett, CW and Costa, AS. (1961). Phytopathology 51: 546.

Dias, H.J. and Waterworth, H.E. (1967). Can. J. Bot. 45: 1285.

Finlay, J.R. and Teakle, D.S. (1969). J. gen. Virol. 5: 93.

Francki, RIB. and Miles, R. (1985). Pl. Path. 34: 11.

Guy, P. (1982). Australas. Pl. Path. 11: 51.

Kado, C.J. (1967). Virology 31: 217.

Kado, C.I. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 64, 4 pp.

Kirkpatrick, H.C., Mink, G.I. and Lindner, R.C. (1965). Phytopathology 55: 286.

Lombardo, G., Simonetta, M. and Bassi, M. (1971). Cariologia 24: 323.

Milne, R.G. (1967). Virology 32: 58.

Paul, H.L. and Huth, W. (1970). Phytopath. Z. 69: 1.

Saksena, K.N. and Mink, G.I. (1970). Virology 40: 540.

Silva, DM, Meneghini, M. and Santos, H.L.S. (1958). Bragantia 17: 167.

Steere, R.L. (1956). Phytopathology 46: 6.

Teakle, D.S. (1968). Aust. J. biol. Sci. 21: 649.

Tremaine, J.H. and Ronald, W.P. (1977). Can. J. Bot. 55: 2274.

Vuittenez, A (1962). Etudes Virologie Appliquee (Versailles) 3: 15.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
A description of this taxon in VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 736 by D.S. Teakle, 1985. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 64.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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