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00.067.0.01.007. Southern bean mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.067.0.01.007. Southern bean mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: samples from Louisiana and California; the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Phaseolus vulgaris.

Natural host and symptoms
Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, V. mungo and Glycine max — mosaic and/or mottle, and stunting (especially in Vigna unguiculata).

Reference to Isolation Report
Zaumeyer and Harter (1943).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.067.0.01.007. Virus accession number: 67001007. Obsolete virus code: 67.0.1.0.007; superceded accession number: 67010007.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12139.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): Southern bean mosaic virus, Southern bean mosaic virus 1. ICTV approved acronym: SBMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.067.0.01. Sobemovirus; not assigned to a family.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry (T=3). The capsid is isometric and has a diameter of 29.4-32.8 nm. Capsids appear round. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Hull (1977, Sehgal and Hsu (1977).

Capsid structures, detailed structural and computational analysis are found in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) using VIPERdB, the VIrus Particle ExploreR 4sbv.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.36 g cm-3; sucrose of 1.1 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 115 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is 5.5. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 90-95°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 20-165 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 5-6. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether; lost when deproteinized with proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 21% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA, that is mRNA (including autonomised coat cistrons with Mr of 300-400kd). The complete genome is 4195 nucleotides long (cowpea strain), is fully or partially sequenced, complete sequence is 4195 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number

[J02355] Em(40)_vi:SOB3 Gb(84)_vi:MSBB3 southern bean mosaic virus(bean strain)rna, 3' terminus. 4/90 393bp.
[J02356] Em(40)_vi:SOC3 Gb(84)_vi:MSBC3 southern bean mosaic virus(cowpea strain)rna, 3' terminus. 4/90 400bp.
[L34672] Gb(84)_vi:MSBP5P Southern bean mosaic virus p11.5 protein gene, complete cds, p96 protein gene, complete cds,
[M23021] Gb(84)_vi:MSBMVCCG Southern bean mosaic virus complete genome. 7/94 4,194bp.

The genome has a base ratio of 24 % guanine; 26 % adenine; 23 % cytosine; 27 % uracil. The 5'-end of the genome has a genome-linked protein (VPg). Reference to nucleotide sequence Wu et al. (1987) for the cowpea strain; Weber and Sehgal (1982).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 79% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 2 structural protein(s) located in the capsid.

Structural Proteins: Capsid protein COAT_SBMV. Capsid protein has a molecular mass of 30527 Da (279 AA) with 180 copies per virion; sequence has the accession number [P03607]; is the coat protein.

Reference to method of preparation: Hsu et al. (1977, Denloye et al. (1978).

Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Hermondson et al. (1982).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is not infectious; a successful infection by the virus requires the genome-linked protein.

Translation: Virions may provide helper functions to dependent virus during replication.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to none.

Bean (type) strain infects most Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars systemically (but local lesions only in cv. Pinto), but it does not infect cowpea. Only the bean strain infects Phaseolus lunatus. The cowpea strain strain infects most cowpea cultivars systemically but not Phaseolus vulgaris except cv. Pinto, in which it is symptomless. The Ghana strain infects many cowpea cultivars and induces local or systemic symptomless infection in some cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris, but small necrotic spots in Vigna radiata. The severe bean mosaic strain or Mexican strain induces more severe symptoms in Phaseolus vulgaris than the bean strain, and also infects cowpea (Tremaine and Hamilton 1983).

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ROSIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by seeds (3-7% in V. unguiculata cv. Early Wilt Resistant Ramshorn, transmitted by pollen to the seed and transmitted by pollen to the pollinated plant.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae: Ceratoma trifurcata, Epilachna variestis. Virus is transmitted in a semi-persistent manner.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Leguminosae-Papilionoideae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Glycine max, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Vigna mungo, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis .

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae (1 /1). Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Amaranthus retroflexus, Arachis hypogaea, Brassica campestris, Cajanus cajan, Capsicum frutescens, Cassia tora, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Cicer arietinum, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Datura stramonium, Helianthus annuus, Lactuca sativa, Lens culinaris, Lotus corniculatus, Lupinus albus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Macroptilium lathyroides, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana tabacum, Petunia x hybrida, Pisum sativum, Sesbania exaltata, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata, Zinnia elegans.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Glycine max — systemic vein clearing and mild mottling.

Phaseolus lunatus — necrotic local lesions; no systemic infection.

Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Pinto — local lesions systemic mottling, leaf curling, stunting.

Vigna unguiculata — chlorotic spots, systemic vein clearing and banding, leaf deformation, stunting; cv. Clay is a local lesion host of the cowpea strain.

Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis — local lesions followed by systemic chlorosis and vein clearing.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Cassia tora, Cicer arietinum, Lupinus albus, Melilotus albus.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Bountiful (bean strain), Vigna unguiculata cv. Blackeye (cowpea strain).

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Pinto (bean strain) (L), Vigna unguiculata cv. Clay (cowpea strain) (L).

References to host data: Zaumeyer and Harter (1943, Shepherd and Fulton (1962, Lamptey et al. (1974).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in mesophyll. Virions are found in the cytoplasm and nucleus.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Inclusions are crystalline aggregates in cowpea strain. Inclusions contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in Africa, North America, and South and Central Americas. The virus occurs in France.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Cowpea strain (strain C), Ghana strain (strain G), severe bean mosaic strain or Mexican strain (strain M) (Tremaine and Hamilton 1983), type strain (strain B).

References

Abad-Zapatero, C., Abad-Meguid, S.S., Johnon, JE, Leslie, AG.W., Rayment, I., Rossmann, M.G., Suck, D. and Tsukihara, T. (1980). Nature, Lond. 286: 33.

Denloye, AO, Homer, R.B. and Hull, R.(1978). J. gen. Virol. 41: 77.

Ghabrial, S.A., Shepherd, R.J. and Grogan, R.G. (1967). Virology 33: 17.

Ghosh, A, Dasgupta, R., Salerno-Rife, T., Rutgers, T. and Kaesberg, P. (1979). Nucl. Acids Res. 7: 2137.

Ghosh, A, Rutgers, T., Ke-Qiang, M. and Kaesberg, P.(1981). J. Virol. 39: 87.

Gorbalenya, AE., Koonin, E.V., Blinov, V.M. and Donchenko, AP. (1988). FEBS Lett. 236: 2987.

Hermondson, MA, Abad-Zapatero, C., Abdel-Meguid, S.S., Pundak, S., Rossmann, M.G. and Tremaine, J.H. (1982). Virology 39: 133.

Hsu, CH, White, J.A. and Sehgal, O.P. (1977). Virology 81: 471.

Hull, R. (1977). Virology 79: 50.

Lamptey, P.N.L. and Hamilton, RI (1974). Phytopathology 64: 1100.

Rossmann, M.G., Abad-Zapatero, C., Hermondson, MA and Erikson, J.W. (1983). J. mol. Biol. 166: 37.

Rutgers, T., Salerno-Rife, T. and Kaesberg, P. (1980). Virology 104: 506.

Salerno-Rife, T., Rutgers, T. and Kaesberg, P. (1980). J. Virol. 34: 51.

Sehgal, O.P. and Hsu, CH (1977). Virology 77: 1.

Sehgal, O.P. and Hsu, CH (1976). Stad. Symp. 8: 57.

Shepherd, R.J. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 57, 4 pp.

Shepherd, R.J. and Fulton, R.W. (1962). Phytopathology 52: 489.

Tremaine, J.H. and Hamilton, RI (1983). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 274, 6 pp.

Veerisetty, V. and Sehgal, O.P. (1980). Phytopathology 70: 58.

Wu, S., Rinehart, CA and Kaesberg, P. (1987). Virology 161: 73.

Zaumeyer, W.J. and Harter, L.L. (1943). J. Agric. Res. 67: 305.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 75 by O.P. Sehgal, 1980. Revised 1984.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 274.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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