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00.065.0.02.003. Maize chlorotic dwarf virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.065.0.02.003. Maize chlorotic dwarf virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Ohio; the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Zea mays.

Natural host and symptoms
Sorghum halepense — mild vein clearing.

Zea mays — stunting, reddening and yellowing, tertiary vein banding.

Reference to Isolation Report
Bradfute et al. (1972).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.065.0.02.003. Virus accession number: 65002003. Obsolete virus code: 65.0.2.0.003; superceded accession number: 65020003.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 51354.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): Ohio corn stunt agent. ICTV approved acronym: MCDV. Virus is an ICTV approved species. Virus is of the genus 00.065.0.02. Waikavirus; family 00.065. Sequiviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with polyhedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 30 nm. Capsids appear hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is clearly visible.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Reference for electron microscopic methods: Louie et al. (1974, Gingery (1976).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.507 g cm-3 (unfixed). There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 183 S20w (~ 6 S).

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 36% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, single-stranded RNA is recovered. The complete genome is 10670 nucleotides long, is sequenced and complete sequence is about 10670 nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of 24 % guanine; 30 % adenine; 17 % cytosine; 29 % uracil. Reference to nucleotide sequence Gingery (1976).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 64% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins. Virions consist of 2 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to rice tungro virus.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Cicadellidae; Graminella nigrifrons most important, but also Graminella sonora and Exitianus exitiosus. Virus is transmitted in a semi-persistent manner; lost by the vector when it moults; does not replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Gramineae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Digitaria sanguinalis, Panicum miliaceum, Pennisetum glaucum, Setaria faberi, Setaria halepense, Setaria lutescens, Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum halepense, Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Gramineae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Avena sativa, Cynodon dactylon, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Eragrostis cilianensis, Hordeum vulgare, Lolium perenne, Oryza sativa, Paspalum dilatatum, Phleum pratense, Saccharum officinarum, Secale cereale, Stenotaphrum secundatum, Triticum aestivum.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Digitaria sanguinalis, Panicum miliaceum, Pennisetum glaucum, Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense — symptoms mild or absent.

Setaria faberi, S. lutescens.

Sorghum bicolor, S. halepense — mild vein clearing.

Triticum aestivum — symptomless.

Zea mays — stunting, yellowing and reddening, tertiary vein banding. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare, Oryza sativa, Saccharum officinarum, Secale cereale.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Zea mays.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Zea mays (W).

References to host data: Nault et al. (1976).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in leaves and phloem but less frequently in bundle sheath cells. Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are viroplasma. Inclusions are striated sheets and dense granular bodies. Inclusions contain mature virions (only in the dense granular inclusions). Other cellular changes include numerous cytoplasmic vesicles.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in the United States of America (the south).

References

Bradfute, O.E., Gingery, R.E., Gordon, D.T. and Nault, L.R. (1972). J. Cell Biol. 55: 25a.

Derrick, K.S. and Brlansky, RH (1976). Phytopathology 66: 815.

Ge, X., Gordon, D.T. and Gingery, R.E. (1989). Phytopathology 79: 1157.

Ge, X., Gordon, D.T. and Gingery, R.E. (1989). Phytopathology 79: 1195.

Gingery, R.E. (1976). Virology 73: 311.

Gingery, R.E. (1988). In: The Plant Viruses, Vol.3, pp.259-272; Ed. R. Koenig. Plenum Press, New York.

Gingery, R.E. (1989). Phytopathology 79: 1157.

Gingery, R.E., Bradfute, D.E., Gordon, D.T. and Nault, L.R. (1978). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 194, 4 pp.

Gingery, R.E., Gordon, D.T., Nault, L.R. and Bradfute, O.E. (1981). In: Handbook of Plant Virus Infections and Comparative Diagnosis, p. 19; ed. E. Kurstak. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press.

Gordon, D.T. and Nault, L.R. (1977). Phytopathology 67: 27.

Hunt, R.E., Nault, L.R. and Gingery, R.E. (1988). Phytopathology 78: 498.

Maroon, C.M., Gordon, D.T. and Ginger, R.E. (1989). Phytopathology 79: 1157.

Louie, R., Knoke, JK and Gordon, D.T. (1974). Phytopathology 64: 1455.

Nault, L.R., Gordon, D.T., Robertson, D.C. and Bradfute, D.E. (1976). Pl. Dis. Reptr 60: 374.

Nault, L.R., Styer, W.E., Knoke, JK and Pitre, H.N. (1973). J. Econ. Ent. 66: 1271.

Pirone, T.P., Bradfute, O.E., Freytag, P.H., Lung, M.C.Y. and Poneleit, G.G. (1972). Pl. Dis. Reptr 56: 652.

Reeves, JT, Jackson, AO, Paschke, J.D. and Lister, RM (1978). Pl. Dis. Reptr 62: 667

ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 463 by R.E. Gingery, 1984. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 194.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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