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00.065.0.01.003. Parsnip yellow fleck virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.065.0.01.003. Parsnip yellow fleck virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the United Kingdom.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Pastinaca sativa.

Natural host and symptoms
Pastinaca sativa, Heracleum sphondylium — chlorotic vein banding, yellow flecks and leaf mosaic.

Anthriscus sylvestris, Apium graveolens — no conspicuous symptoms.

Aethusa cynapium, Anethum graveolens, Anthriscus cerefolium, Chaerophyllum temulum, Coriandrum sativum, Daucus carota, Oenanthe aquatica, Torilis japonica — leaf yellowing and dieback (Anthriscus serotype).

Reference to Isolation Report
Murant and Goold (1968).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.065.0.01.003. Virus accession number: 65001003. Obsolete virus code: 65.0.1.0.003; superceded accession number: 65010003.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12777.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

ICTV approved acronym: PYFV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.065.0.01. Sequivirus in the family 00.065. Sequiviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with polyhedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of c. 31 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Reference for electron microscopic methods: Hemida and Murant (1989).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.297 g cm-3 (T), or 1.49 g cm-3 (B). There are 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 153 S20w (B, of the other(s) are 60 S20w (T). A260/A280 ratio is 1.59 (B), or 1.46 (T). The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 57.5-65°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 4-7 days (at room temperature). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3-4.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 40% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, single-stranded RNA is recovered. The genome is fully sequenced and complete sequence is 9871 nucleotides long and encodes polyprotein. Sequence has the accession number [D14066] Em(40)_vi:PYFPOLYP Gb(84)_vi:PYFPOLYP Parsnip yellow fleck virus (PYFV) RNA encoding polyprotein, complete cds. 2/93 9,871bp. 1 sequence.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins. Virions consist of 3 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

Differ serologically and in host range.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ROSIDAE.

General Symptoms in Plants Symptoms yellow flecks, mosaic, necrosis.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Cavariella aegopodii, C. pastinacae. Virus is not transmitted by Cavariella theobaldii. Virus is transmitted in a semi-persistent manner; lost by the vector when it moults; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; requires, for vector transmission, a helper virus (anthriscus yellows virus).

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Portulacaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae, Umbelliferae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Aethusa cynapium, Anethum graveolens, Anthriscus cerefolium, Anthriscus sylvestris, Apium graveolens, Beta vulgaris, Chaerophyllum temulum, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Chenopodium capitatum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Coriandrum sativum, Cucumis sativus, Datura stramonium, Daucus carota, Gomphrena globosa, Heracleum sphondylium, Hyoscyamus niger, Lycopersicon esculentum, Montia perfoliata, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Oenanthe aquatica, Pastinaca sativa, Petroselinum crispum, Petunia x hybrida, Spinacia oleracea, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Torilis japonica.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of yellow flecks, mosaic, distortion of leaves, veinal necrosis, local chlorotic or necrotic spots or rings.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Compositae, Cruciferae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Umbelliferae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Foeniculum vulgare, Phaseolus vulgaris, Verbesina encelioides, Vigna unguiculata.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Anthriscus cerefolium, Coriandrum sativum, Spinacia oleracea, Nicotiana clevelandii, Petroselinum crispum, Chenopodium quinoa, Gomphrena globosa, Montia perfoliata, Chenopodium amaranticolor — yellow flecks, necrosis, chlorotic and necrotic local lesions.

Nicotiana benthamiana — chlorotic local lesions; systemic vein yellowing, chlorosis and tip necrosis (Anthriscus serotype). Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Foeniculum vulgare, Phaseolus vulgaris, Verbesina encelioides, Vigna unguiculata.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Spinacia oleracea and, for some isolates, Anthriscus cerefolium.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Anthriscus cerefolium (W), Chenopodium quinoa (L).

References to host data: Murant and Goold (1968, Hemida and Murant (1989).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in mesophyll.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are membranous bodies. Inclusions contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Germany and the United Kingdom.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Serotypes P121 from Pastinaca sativa and A421 from Anthriscus cerefolium.

References

Elnager, S. (1974). Ph. D. Thesis, 168 pp. University of Dundee, U.K.

Elnager, S. and Murant, AF (1976). Ann. appl. Biol. 84: 153.

Elnager, S. and Murant, AF (1976). Ann. appl. Biol. 84: 169.

Hemida, S.K. and Murant, AF (1989). Ann. appl. Biol. 114: 87.

Hemida, S.K. and Murant, AF (1989). Ann. appl. Biol. 114: 101.

Lennon, AM. (1984). Ph. D. Thesis, 300 pp. University of Manchester, U.K.

Murant, AF (1974). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 129, 4 pp.

Murant, AF (1988). In: The Plant Viruses; Vol. 3, Polyhedral Virions with Monopartite Genomes. pp. 273-288, ed. Koenig, R. Plenum Press, New York.

Murant, AF (1993). Arch. Virol. 131: 441.

Murant, AF and Goold, R.A. (1968). Ann. appl. Biol. 62: 123.

Reavy, B., Mayo, MA, Turnbull-Ross, AD. and Murant, AF (1993). Arch. Virol. 131: 441.

Singh, H. (1980). Ph. D. Thesis. University of Manchester, U.K.

Tomlinson, J.A. and Carter (1970). Rep. NAT Veg. Res. Stn. 1969, p. 110.

Turnbull-Ross, AD., Reavy, B., Mayo, MA and Murant, AF (1992). J. gen. Virol. 173: 3203.

Turnbull-Ross, AD., Mayo, MA, Reavy, B. and Murant, AF (1993). J. gen. Virol. 74: 555.

Van Dijk, P. and Bos, L. (1985). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 91: 169.

Waterhouse, P.M. (1981). Ph. D. Thesis, 244 pp. University of Dundee, U.K.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 558 by P. Jeyanandarajah, 1992.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 129.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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