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00.061.1.06.009. Human immunodeficiency virus 1

Cite this publication as: Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed) (2004). 00.061.1.06.009. Human immunodeficiency virus 1. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 3. ICTVdB Management, Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Classification

This is a description of a vertebrate virus at the species level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.061.1.06.009. Virus accession number: 61106009. Former virus code: 00.061.0.06.009.; 61.0.6.5.001; accession number: 61006009; 61065001. NCBI Taxonomy ID: [11676].

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

ICTV approved acronym: HIV-1. Virus is the type species. Virus is assigned to the genus 00.061.1.06. Lentivirus ; subfamily 00.061.1. Orthoretrovirinae ; family 00.061. Retroviridae .

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions have a complex construction and consist of an envelope, a nucleocapsid, a nucleoid, and a matrix protein. Virions are enveloped, spherical to pleomorphic in shape and measure 80-100 nm in diameter. The surface projections are small or inconspicuous spikes that are densely dispersed covering evenly the surface. Surface projections are 8 nm long. The core is rod-shaped, or is truncated cone-shaped. The nucleoid is concentric.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in sucrose of 1.13-1.18 g cm-3. Virions are sensitive to treatment with heat, detergents, and formaldehyde. The infectivity is not affected by irradiation.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 2% of the virion by weight. The genome is dimeric; not segmented and consists of a single molecule of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. One monomer of the complete genome is 9200 nucleotides long and has been fully sequenced.
Reference strains with their accession numbers:
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.001. HIV-1: ARV-2/SF-2 [K02007]
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.002. HIV-1: BRU (LAI) [K02013]
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.003. HIV-1: CAM1 [D10112]
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.004. HIV-1: ELI [X04414]
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.005. HIV-1: HXB2 [K03455]
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.006. HIV-1: MAL [X04415]
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.007. HIV-1: MN [M17449]
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.008. HIV-1: NDK NDK [M27323]
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.009. HIV-1: PV22 [K02083]
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.010. HIV-1: RF [M17451]
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.011. HIV-1: U455 [M62320]
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.012. HIV-1: Z2 [M22639].

The genome has terminally redundant sequences. The terminally redundant sequences have long terminal repeats (LTR) (of about 600 nt. The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap; cap sequence type is of type 1 m7G5ppp5'GmpNp. The 3'-terminus has of each monomer a poly (A) tract and a tRNA-like structure which accepts lysin. Each virion contains two copies of the genome in a dimeric configuration per particle (held together by hydrogen bonds to form a dimer).

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 60% of the particle weight. The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 5 major structural and 3 non-structural proteins. The virus codes for an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase.

Lipids

Lipids are present and located in the envelope. Virions are composed of 35% lipids by weight. The composition of viral lipids and host cell membranes are similar. The lipids are of host origin derived from plasma membranes.

Carbohydrates

Three percent of the particle weight are attributed to carbohydrates.

Genome Organization and Replication

Infectivity: By itself, genomic nucleic acid is not infectious.

Translation: Replication involves a reverse transcription step.

Features: the genome of infectious viruses has 4 main genes coding for the virion proteins in the order: 5'-gag-pro-pol-env-3'. Additional genes in HIV-1 are vif [328663], vpr [328664], vpu [328665], \tat [328659], rev [328660], nef [328667] whose products are involved in regulation of synthesis and processing virus RNA and other replicative functions. The LTR is about 600nt long, of which the U3 region is 450, the R sequence 100 and the U5 region some 70 nt long.

Antigenicity

Although different antigenic determinants have different specificities, the antigenic determinants are in general type-specific and serogroup-specific. Antigenic determinants that possess type-specific reactivity are found on the envelopes on the glycoproteins and are involved in antibody mediated neutralization.

Cross-reactivity is found between some species of the same serotype, but not with all (but not between members of different genera). Classification of members of this taxon is occasionally based on their antigenic properties.

Biological Properties

Natural Host Range

Virus infects during its life cycle a single type of vertebrate host. Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya Kingdom Animalia.

Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata.

Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata.

Class Mammalia.

Class Mammalia Order Primates;
Family Hominidae; virus infects Homo sapiens (human).

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a vector.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Reference strains: 00.061.1.06.009.05.001.001. HIV-1: ARV-2/SF-2
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.002. HIV-1: BRU (LAI)
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.003. HIV-1: CAM1
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.004. HIV-1: ELI
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.005. HIV-1: HXB2
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.006. HIV-1: MAL
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.007. HIV-1: MN
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.008. HIV-1: NDK
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.009. HIV-1: PV22
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.010. HIV-1: RF
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.011. HIV-1: U455
00.061.1.06.009.05.001.012. HIV-1: Z2.

References

Data Sources and Contributions

A World Wide Web tutorial on this virus is provided by the Cell alive: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection http://www.cellsalive.com/hiv0.htm. Information about this virus have been posted on the web by an internet source (Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection has been presented by "Cell alive" at http://www.cellsalive.com/hiv0.htm).

Images

Taxon images: • EM by Garry et al (1990) Science 250, 1127-1129. • diagram by James Whitehead and Cornelia Büchen-Osmond.

DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

ICTVdB and DELTA related References

Last updated:15 June 2004 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
Web Page generated from ICTVdB by the DELTA systems.

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