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00.060.0.07.003. Maize rough dwarf virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.060.0.07.003. Maize rough dwarf virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Israel.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Zea mays.

Natural host and symptoms
Avena sativa (CTD strain), Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Hordeum vulgare (CTD strain), Lolium perenne, Setaria verticillata, Triticum aestivum (CTD strain), Zea mays (dent, not flint cultivars) — stunting, dark green colour, enations on veins of leaves and sheaths, longitudinal splitting of roots, flowers suppressed.

Reference to Isolation Report
Harpaz (1959).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.060.0.07.003. Virus accession number: 60007003. Obsolete virus code: 60.0.7.2.001; superceded accession number: 60072001.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 10989.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): virus del nanismo ruvido del mais. ICTV approved acronym: MRDV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.060.0.07. Fijivirus; family 00.060. Reoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid, a core, and a nucleoprotein complex. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is isometric with icosahedral symmetry and has a diameter of 70 nm. The capsid shells of virions are composed of two layers. The outer capsid consists of a smooth (showing A-type spikes of about 11nm length and breadth). All shells are usually present. Capsids appear round. The capsomer arrangement is clearly visible. Surface projections are distinct spikes protruding from the 12 vertices. Inner capsids consist of a 55 nm consists of a rough shell (showing B-type spikes, about 8 nm long and 12 nm in diameter). The core subcore is spherical (and smooth with no spikes) with a diameter of 35-40 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions, or many virions (few virions in whole leaf sap, many in sap from enations). For whole virions avoid neutral PTA, use 2% aqueous UA. No special treatment for subvirions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Milne et al. (1973, Boccardo and Milne (1981).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations (whole and subvirions). The sedimentation coefficient is 400 S20w (for subviral non-infectious virions).

Nucleic Acid

The genome is segmented and consists of ten segments of linear double-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are not found in virions. The complete genome is 26169 nucleotides long. RNA-1 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 3900 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number [X55701] Em(40)_un:MRDVS6 Gb(84)_un:MRDVS6 Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) mRNA for genomic segment S6. 3/91 2,193bp. 1 sequence. RNA-2 is sequenced, complete sequence is about 3200 nucleotides long. RNA-3 is sequenced, complete sequence is 3150 nucleotides long. RNA-4 has been sequenced, but only an estimate is provided; complete sequence is 3150 nucleotides long. RNA-54 has been sequenced, but only an estimate is presented, complete sequence is 3100 nucleotides long. RNA-6 has been fully sequenced. Complete sequence is 2293 nucleotides long. RNA-7 has been sequenced, but only an estimate is presented, complete sequence is 2198 nucleotides long. RNA-8 has been sequenced, but only an estimate is available, complete sequence is 1735 nucleotides long. RNA-9 has been sequenced and complete sequence is about 1728 nucleotides long. RNA-10 has been sequenced, but only an estimate is available; complete sequence is 1715 nucleotides long. Reference to nucleotide sequence Boccardo and Milne (1975).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 6 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Boccardo and Milne (1975).

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is not infectious; a successful infection by the virus requires virus protein(s).

Translation: Coat protein mRNA is translated in the cytoplasm.

The genome replicates in cytoplasmic viroplasma.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to The virus is so closely related to rice black streaked dwarf virus, that it may be the same species, it is more distantly related to pangola stunt virus. The virus does not show serological relationships to oat sterile dwarf, rice ragged stunt and sugarcane Fiji disease viruses.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation (injection; but very inefficient, not transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Delphacidae; Delphacodes propinqua, Dicranotropis hamata, Laodelphax striatellus, Javasella pellucida, Sogatella vibix. Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; retained when the vector moults; replicates in the vector; transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector (one unconfirmed report).

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Gramineae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Avena sativa, Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Hordeum vulgare, Lolium perenne, Oryza sativa, Secale cereale, Setaria italica, Setaria verticillata, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Gramineae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Chloris gayana, Saccharum officinarum, Sorghum halepense, Stipa bromoides.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Hordeum vulgare cv. Delesa — stunting.

Zea mays American yellow dent hybrids; Wisconsin 641 AA — stunting, dark green colour, pale yellow enations on abaxial surface of leaves and leaf sheaths.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Saccharum ssp., Sorghum halepense (susceptible to the Chinese virus), Stipa bromoides, probably all non-Gramineae.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Hordeum vulgare (W), Triticum aestivum (W), Zea mays (W).

References to host data: Milne and Lovisolo (1977).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in phloem enations. Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are crystals, or viroplasma (containing immature virions). Inclusions are tubular structures some 100 nm diameter. Inclusions contain mature virions. Other cellular changes include cell wall proliferation and cell enlargement.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Argentina, Czechoslovakia (former), France, Israel, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and Yugoslavia.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Type strain (TS), cereal tillering disease strain (CTD) (Boccardo and Milne, 1984; Lindsten and Gerhardson, 1971), mal de Rio Cuarto (MR4) (Boccardo and Milne, 1984; Nome et al., 1981).

Comments

The virus has been reported from China, but it may be that the virus was incorrectly identified, and was rice black-streaked dwarf virus, which is common in the region.

References

Boccardo, G. and Milne, R.G. (1975). Virology 68: 79.

Boccardo, G. and Milne, R.G. (1981). J. virol. Meth. 3: 109.

Boccardo, G. and Milne, R.G. (1984). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 294, 7 pp.

Conti, M. (1984). In: Current Topics in Vector Research; ed. K.F. Harris. Praeger Scientific, New York.

Francki, RIB. and Boccardo, G. (1983). In: The Reoviridae. p. 155; ed. KW Joklik. Plenum Press, New York.

Francki, RIB., Milne, R.G. and Hatta, T. (1984). In: An Atlas of Plant Viruses. Vol. 1. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.

Harpaz, I. (1959). Nature, Lond. 184: 77.

Lindsten, K. and Conti, M. (1977). Annls. Phytopath. 9: 30.

Lindsten, K. and Gerhardson, B. (1971). NAT Swed. Inst. Pl. Prot. Count. S. 14: 285.

Lovisolo, O. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 72, 4 pp.

Marzachi, C., Boccardo, G. and Nuss, DL (1991). Virology 180: 518.

Milne, R.G. and Lovisolo, O. (1977). Adv. Virus Res. 21: 267.

Milne, R.G. and Luisoni, E. (1977). Virology 80: 12.

Milne, R.G., Conti, M. and Lisa, V. (1973). Virology 53: 130.

Nome, S.F., Lenardon, S.L., Raju, B.C., Laguna, I.G., Lowe, S.K. and Docampo, D. (1981). Phytopath. Z. 101: 7.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 472 by R.G. Milne, 1984. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 72.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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