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00.060.0.06. Cypovirus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.060.0.06. Cypovirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Classification

This is a description of an invertebrate virus at the genus level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.060.0.06. Virus accession number: 060006GE. Obsolete virus code: 60.0.6.; superceded accession number: 60060000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 10981.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. Virus is of the family 00.060. Reoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid, a core, and a nucleoprotein complex. Virus may be sequestered within inclusion bodies that are not occluded and typically contain one nucleocapsid, or occluded by protein bodies (the occlusion protein is a virus-coded matrix of polyhedrin. These polyhedrin inclusion bodies have a symmetry (e.g., cubic, icosahedral, or irregular) which is dependent on both the virus strain and host. The polyhedrin protein appears to be arranged as a face-centred cubic lattice with center to center spacing varying between 4.1 and 7.4 nm). Virus capsid is not enveloped. Cypovirus particles are structurally equivalent to the core particles of other species of the family. Capsid/nucleocapsid is round and exhibits icosahedral symmetry. The capsid is isometric. The capsid shells of virions are composed of a single inner capsid layer. Capsids appear round. The capsid surface structure reveals a regular pattern with distinctive features. The capsomer arrangement is clearly visible. Surface projections are distinct hollow spikes protruding from the 12 vertices (with a length of about 20 nm and a width of 15-23 nm). Inner capsids have a diameter of 55-69 nm. Virus preparations contain one particle component. The core is spherical with a diameter of 35 nm.

Only one species is recovered in preparations.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.44 g cm-3.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is monomeric; segmented and consists of ten segments of linear double-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 20500-24000 nucleotides long (the pattern of size distribution of the genome segments varies widely between different cypoviruses. At present, the size differences are the basis for cypovirus classification (12 different electrophorese types by 1% agarose or 3% SDS-PAGE). The 5'-terminal sequence has conserved regions. The 3'-terminus has conserved nucleotide sequences; in viruses of same species (but not in all types with in the genus. Type 5 is different from type 1, in all RNA species. The multipartite genome is found in one type of particle only. Each virion contains a single copy of the genome; a full length copy.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Animalia.

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda.

Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Hexapoda.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a vector.

Taxonomic Structure of the Genus

Type species 00.060.0.06.001. Cypovirus 1 .

Species in the Genus

List of Species in the Genus.

Data Sources and Contributions

The description has been compiled from data in the ICTV Report presented by Holmes IH, Boccardo G, Estes MK, Furuichi MK, Hoshino Y, Joklik WK, McCrae M, Mertens PPC, Milne RG, Samal KSK, Shikata E, Winton JR, Uyeda I, Nuss DL.

References

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

Taxonomic Proposals and Changes

It is the custom in the literature to refer to cypoviruses by the name of the insect host species (e.g., Bombyx mori cypovirus 1). Although some host insect species appear to have an exclusive relationship to a particular virus type (e.g., BmCPV-1), other insect species support a wide range of different cypoviruses (e.g., Spodoptera exempta supports cypovirus types 3, 5, 8, 11 and 12). Also, many virus strains replicate in more than one insect species. Although prevalent, the use of host species names is inadequate for the purposes of taxonomy.

Cypoviruses are currently classified within 12 distinctive dsRNA electrophorese types. Cross-hybridization analyses of dsRNA and serological comparisons of cypovirus proteins so far confirm the validity of this classification. However, only a few cypoviruses have been analysed in this way.

The current classification system takes account of both the dsRNA electrophorese type and the host species from which viruses were originally isolated. The relationships at the molecular level of different cypoviruses within an electrophorese type, or to other cypoviruses, is not known. Only electrophorese types 1 and 12 show any significant similarity in their overall genome profiles and levels of RNA cross-hybridization and serological cross-reaction.

In the following descriptions a list is provided of some of the lepidopteran cypoviruses for which the RNA electrophorese types have been deduced. In addition to many other lepidopteran cypoviruses that have been described (but are otherwise uncharacterised), there are dipteran and hymenopteran cypoviruses. One isolate from a freshwater daphnid has been reported. In total, more than 230 cypoviruses have been described, however the number of species is unknown. The recognised cypovirus electrophorese type groups (RNA sizes x 106) and certain recognised hosts (including the original and other members of the species from which the virus was isolated) are listed.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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