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generated automatically from the ICTVdB database including links. Some
descriptions are only very basic and links may point to documents that are not
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00.060.0.02.003.01.001.
Bluetongue virus 1
Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management
(2006). 00.060.0.02.003.01.001. Bluetongue virus 1. In: ICTVdB - The
Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia
University, New York, USA
Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal
Virus Database, version 4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/
Biocontainment Level
Distribution of this virus
falls under quarantine restrictions. It is recommended to handle this virus at
the biocontainment level BSL-2.
This is a description of a
vertebrate and invertebrate virus at the serotype
level.
ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.060.0.02.003.01.001. Virus accession
number: 60020310. Obsolete virus code: 60.0.2.02.01; superceded accession
number: 60020201.
NCBI Taxonomy Identifier
Taxon ID: 35327.
Name, Synonyms and Lineage
Acronym(s): BTV-1.
Virus is assigned to species 00.060.0.02.003. Bluetongue virus.
Virus is of the genus 00.060.0.02.
Orbivirus in the family
00.060.
Reoviridae.
Virions consist of a capsid, a core, and a nucleoprotein
complex. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is round and exhibits icosahedral symmetry (T=13) (inner
capsid/core). The isometric capsid has a
diameter of 80 nm. The capsid shells of virions are composed of two layers.
Capsids appear round. The capsid surface structure does not reveal a regular
pattern with distinctive features. Surface projections are often
lost during preparation, or distinct spikes protruding from the 12
vertices are seen. Inner capsids core (T=13) have a diameter of 53.4-55.4 nm
(VP3), or 69.2-71 nm (VP7). Virus preparations contain one particle
component. The core is spherical and only one species is recovered in preparations.
Capsid structures, detailed structural and computational
analysis are found in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) using VIPERdB, the VIrus
Particle ExploreR core capsid structure.
The Mr
of the genome constitutes 16% of the virion by weight (cores of 25%). The genome
is segmented and consists of ten segments of linear
double-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 19200 nucleotides
long. Sequence can be accessed from EBI-EMBL, or GenBank, or DNA Data Bank of
Japan; the L1 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 3944
nucleotides long and encodes capsid protein VP1. Sequence has the
accession number
[X12819]. L2 is fully sequenced, complete
sequence is 2953 nucleotides long and encodes VP2, a
serotype-specific capsid protein has the accession number
[M11787]. L3 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is
2772 nucleotides long and encodes protein VP3 has the
accession number
[M22096]. M4 has been fully sequenced.
Complete sequence is 1981 nucleotides long and encodes core
protein VP4; has the accession number
[Y00421]. M5 has been fully sequenced, complete sequence
is 1638 nucleotides long and encodes major outer capsid protein
VP5 has the accession number
[D12532]. M6 has been fully sequenced, complete
sequence is 1769 nucleotides long and encodes nonstructural
protein NS1 has the accession number
[Y00422]. S7 has been fully sequenced, complete
sequence is 1156 nucleotides long and encodes VP7 protein;
has the accession number
[X06463]. S8 has been fully sequenced, complete
sequence is 1125 nucleotides long and encodes NS2 protein;
has the accession number
[D00500]. S9 has been fully sequenced, complete
sequence is 1049 nucleotides long and encodes structural protein
VP6, a minor inner capsid protein has the accession number
[D00509]. S10 has been fully sequenced; complete sequence is 822
nucleotides long and encodes nonstructural protein P8 has
the accession number
[M28981]. The 5'-terminal sequence has conserved regions; terminal
repeats at the 5'-end are 8-34 nucleotides long; 5'-end of the genome
has a methylated nucleotide cap; cap sequence type is m7G5ppp5'GmpNp. The
5'-terminus has no poly (C) tract. The 3'-terminus has conserved
nucleotide sequences; of 6 nucleotides in length; in all segments and viruses of
same species; sequence has conserved regions; sequence has the non-coding region
is 31-116 nucleotides in length; in each gene segment. The multipartite
genome is divided among different particles, each segment encapsidated
separately.
GenBank records for
nucleotide sequences;
complete genome sequences.
Proteins
constitute about 84% of the particle weight (cores of 75%).
The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.
Lipids are
absent.
Natural Host
Virus infects during its life cycle arthropod and vertebrate hosts. Virus has an
enzootic cycle and is transmitted from arthropod vector to competent reservoir
host. Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain
Eucarya.
Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Animalia.
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata and
Arthropoda.
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Hexapoda; Class
Insecta.
Phylum Vertebrata
Subphylum Vertebrata; Class Mammalia.
Class Mammalia
Order Artiodactyla;
Family
Bovidae: Subfamily Caprinae; virus infects Genus Ovis
aries (sheep).
General Symptoms in Animals Infection can
affect the dermis, mucosa or epithelium (inflamation of the buccal and nasal
mucosa). General symptoms include lesions and pyrexia (39 C). Lesions are found
in in some cases epithelium and skin or dermis (of the mouth and feet).
Severity and Occurrence of
Disease
Host: Infection is apparent; although disease
expression is dependent on dose, infection is usually acute. The infection is
clinically expressed; disease has the name bluetongue. Signs and symptoms may
vary, but are usually severe.
Virus is transmitted by a vector in a direct manner.
The virus spreads in the Mediterranean, or South and
Central Americas.
PubMed References.
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