Descriptions are
generated automatically from the ICTVdB database including links. Some
descriptions are only very basic and links may point to documents that are not
yet published on the Web.
00.060.0.02.001. Bluetongue
virus
Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006).
00.060.0.02.001. Bluetongue virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus
Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New
York, USA
Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus
Database, version 4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/
Biocontainment Level
Distribution of this virus
falls under quarantine restrictions. It is recommended to handle this virus at
the biocontainment level BSL-2.
This is a description of a
vertebrate and invertebrate virus at the species
level.
ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.060.0.02.001. Virus accession number:
60002001. Obsolete virus code: 60.0.2.0.001; superceded accession number:
60020001.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID:
40051.
Name, Synonyms and Lineage
ICTV approved
acronym: BTV. Virus is the type of the genus
00.060.0.02.
Orbivirus; of the family
00.060.
Reoviridae.
Virions consist of a capsid, a core, and a nucleoprotein
complex. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is round and exhibits icosahedral symmetry (T=13) (inner
capsid/core). The isometric capsid has a
diameter of 80 nm. The capsid shells of virions are composed of two layers.
Capsids appear round. The capsid surface structure does not reveal a regular
pattern with distinctive features. Surface projections are often
lost during preparation, or distinct spikes protruding from the 12
vertices are seen. Inner capsids core (T=13) have a diameter of 53.4-55.4 nm
(VP3), or 69.2-71 nm (VP7). Virus preparations contain one particle
component. The core is spherical and only one species is recovered in preparations.
Capsid structures, detailed structural and computational
analysis are found in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) using VIPERdB, the VIrus
Particle ExploreR core capsid structure.
The Mr
of the genome constitutes 16% of the virion by weight (cores of 25%). The genome
is segmented and consists of ten segments of linear
double-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 19200 nucleotides
long. The L1 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 3944
nucleotides long. L2 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is
2953 nucleotides long. L3 is fully sequenced, complete sequence
is 2772 nucleotides long. M4 has been fully sequenced.
Complete sequence is 1800-2000 nucleotides long. M5 has been fully
sequenced, complete sequence is 1640 nucleotides long. M6 has
been sequenced, but only an estimate is given, complete sequence is
1770 nucleotides long. S7 has been sequenced, but only an estimate is
presented, complete sequence is 1160 nucleotides long. S8 has
been fully sequenced, complete sequence is 1125 nucleotides long. S9
has been sequenced, but only an estimate is available,
complete sequence is 800-1100 nucleotides long. S10 has been
fully sequenced; complete sequence is 800-1100 nucleotides long. The
5'-terminal sequence has conserved regions; terminal repeats at the
5'-end are 8-34 nucleotides long; 5'-end of the genome has a
methylated nucleotide cap; cap sequence type is m7G5ppp5'GmpNp. The
5'-terminus has no poly (C) tract. The 3'-terminus has conserved
nucleotide sequences; of 6 nucleotides in length; in all segments and viruses of
same species; sequence has conserved regions; sequence has the non-coding region
is 31-116 nucleotides in length; in each gene segment. The multipartite
genome is divided among different particles, each segment encapsidated
separately.
GenBank records for
nucleotide sequences;
complete genome sequences.
Proteins
constitute about 84% of the particle weight (cores of 75%).
The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins
located
in the capsid, inner capsid, and core.
Structural Proteins: Inner capsid protein VP3_BTV1S
has a molecular mass of 103181 Da (901 AA, sequence has the accession number
[P56582]. Inner capsid protein
VP7; has a molecular mass of 38643 Da (349 AA, sequence has the
accession number [P18259].
Lipids are
absent.
Natural Host
Virus infects during its life cycle arthropod and vertebrate hosts. Virus has an
enzootic cycle and is transmitted from arthropod vector to competent reservoir
host. Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain
Eucarya.
Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Animalia.
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata and
Arthropoda.
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Hexapoda; Class
Insecta.
Phylum Vertebrata
Subphylum Vertebrata; Class Mammalia.
Class Mammalia
Order Artiodactyla;
Family
Bovidae: Subfamily Caprinae; virus infects Genus Ovis
aries (sheep).
General Symptoms in Animals Infection can
affect the dermis, mucosa or epithelium (inflamation of the buccal and nasal
mucosa). General symptoms include lesions and pyrexia (39 C). Lesions are found
in in some cases epithelium and skin or dermis (of the mouth and feet).
Severity and Occurrence of
Disease
Host: Infection is apparent; although disease
expression is dependent on dose, infection is usually acute. The infection is
clinically expressed; disease has the name bluetongue. Signs and symptoms may
vary, but are usually severe. Prevalence of viral infection is seasonally
dependent, and incidences of virus infection are usually observed in summer to
autumn (?). In naturally infected hosts morbidity rate may be as high as 8 %;
mortality rate may approach 10 %.
Virus is transmitted by a vector in a direct manner.
Geographical distribution of the virus is probably
restricted. The virus spreads in the Mediterranean, or South and Central
Americas. The virus is known to occur in Mediterranean regions. The virus occurs
in Argentina, or Brazil, or Bulgaria, or France (Corsica), or Italy, or Spain,
or Turkey, or Greece, or Yugoslavia (Kosovo), or F.Y.R.O.M. (Macedonia)
(List of Strains and
Isolates in the Species 00.060.0.02.003.02.001. Bluetongue virus 1 to
00.060.0.02.003.02.024. Bluetongue virus 24.
The
following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
PubMed References.
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