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00.057.0.03.001. Barley yellow mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.057.0.03.001. Barley yellow mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Japan.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Hordeum vulgare.

Natural host and symptoms
Hordeum vulgare — yellow streaking, especially of younger leaves and sometimes of leaf sheath, also brown necrotic patches. Leaves may roll so the plants appear 'spiky'. Vigour reduced.

Reference to Isolation Report
Ikata and Kawai (1940, Miyamoto (1958, Inouye (1964).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.057.0.03.001. Virus accession number: 57003001. Obsolete virus code: 57.0.3.0.001; superceded accession number: 57030001.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12465.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

ICTV approved acronym: BaYMV. Virus is the type of the genus 00.057.0.03. Bymovirus in the family 00.057. Potyviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with clear predominate lengths (two) with a length of 270-290 nm, or 570-600 nm; 200-300 nm and a width of 12-15 nm. Axial canal is indistinct. Basic helix is obscure. Pitch of helix is 3.4 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Huth et al. (1984, Pröls et al. (1990).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.32 g cm-3. A260/A280 ratio is 1.14. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 2.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 5% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented; bipartite, segements are distributed among 2 particle types of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are not found in virions. The complete genome is 11217 nucleotides long, is partially sequenced, sequenced region is 7632 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number

[D00544] Em(40)_vi:BYMCP Gb(84)_vi:BYMCP Barley yellow mosaic virus capsid protein gene, 3' end. 8/92 1,370bp.
[D01091] Em(40)_vi:BYMR1P Gb(84)_vi:BYMR1P Barley yellow mosaic virus RNA 1 encoding polyprotein. 8/92 7,632bp.
[D01092] Em(40)_vi:BYMR2P Gb(84)_vi:BYMR2P Barley yellow mosaic virus RNA 2 encoding polyprotein. 8/92 3,585bp.
[D01099] Em(40)_vi:BYMGR2P Gb(84)_vi:BYMGR2P Barley yellow mosaic virus RNA 2 encoding polyprotein. 1/94 3,585bp.
[X69757] Em(40)_vi:BAYMVRNA1 Gb(84)_vi:BAYMVRNA1 Barley yellow mosaic virus RNA for polyprotein RNA1. 1/93 7,648bp.
[X69836] Em(40)_vi:BYMV270KD Gb(84)_vi:BYMV270KD Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus-2 DNA for 70 kDa protein. 3/93 621bp.
[Z24677] Em(40)_vi:BYCOAPROA Gb(84)_vi:BYCOAPROA Barley yellow mosaic virus coat protein mRNA, complete CDS. 7/93 1,313bp. 7 sequences. Sequence is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 3585 nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of 22.1 % guanine; 27.4 % adenine; 24 % cytosine; 26.5 % uracil. The 5'-end of the genome has a genome-linked protein (VPg). The 3'-terminus has a poly (A) tract. The genome has at the 3' terminus of both RNAs. The multipartite genome is divided among more than one type of particle and the segments are distributed between 2 different types of particles. Reference to nucleotide sequence Kashiwazaki et al. (1989b, Kashiwazaki et al. (1990, Kashiwazaki et al. (1991, Davidson et al. (1991).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 95% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Huth et al. (1984, Usugi et al. (1989).

Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Kashiwazaki et al. (1989b).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is infectious.

Replication cycle Features: the genome has

RNA 1: single ORF encoding a 270 kDa protein which is processed to produce the capsid protein (c-terminal) and at least 3 non-structural proteins.

RNA 2: single ORF encoding a 98 kDa protein; function not yet determined.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to rice necrosis mosaic, oat mosaic, wheat yellow mosaic and wheat spindle streak mosaic viruses. The virus does not show serological relationships to barley mild mosaic virus.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are leaf streaking and unfurling distinguish this from barley yellow dwarf virus. Serological tests required to distinguish it from barley mild mosaic virus with which it is sometimes associated.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae)
Subclass COMMELINIDAE; Order Poales.

General Symptoms in Plants Symptoms yellow streaks especially on youngest leaves in winter or spring.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms vary seasonally.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by fungi; of the order Plasmodiophorales; Polymyxa graminis.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Gramineae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Hordeum vulgare.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of yellow leaf streaking.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Chenopodiaceae, Gramineae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Avena sativa, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Lolium multiflorum, Nicotiana tabacum, Oryza sativa, Secale cereale, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Hordeum vulgare — systemic leaf streaking.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Avena sativa, Oryza sativa, Secale cereale, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Hordeum vulgare.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Hordeum vulgare (W).

References to host data: Miyamoto (1958, Ruan and Jin (1983).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in leaves, roots, mesophyll, epidermis, vascular parenchyma and companion cells. Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are amorphous X-bodies, membranous bodies, and pinwheels. Inclusions do not contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in East Asia and Eurasia. The virus occurs in Belgium, China, France, Germany, Greece, Japan, and the United Kingdom.

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Huth (1989b, Usugi (1988).

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Six reported from Japan (Kashiwazaki et al.. 1989a, the M and Streatley strains in Europe are now recognised as strains of barley mild mosaic virus. Two strains reported from Germany (Huth, 1989a) and elsewhere in Europe.

References

Davidson, AD., Pröls, M., Schell, J. and Steinbiss, H.-H. (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 989.

Huth, W. (1988). In: Viruses with Fungal Vectors, p. 61; eds J.I. Cooper and M.J.C. Asher, Association of Applied Biologists.

Huth, W. (1989a). Nach. dtsch. PflSchutz. 41: 6.

Huth, W. (1989b). EPPO Bulletin 19: 547.

Huth, W. and Adams, M.J. (1990). Intervirology 31: 38.

Huth, W., Lesemann, D.-E. and Paul, H.L. (1984). Phytopath. Z. 111: 37.

Ikata, S. and Kawai, I. (1940). Noji Kairyo Shiryo 154: 1.

Inouye, T. (1964). Nogaku Kenkyu 50: 117.

Kashiwazaki, S., Ogawa, K., Usugi, T., Omura, T. and Tsuchizaki, T. (1989a). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 55: 16.

Kashiwazaki, S., Hayano, Y., Minobe, Y., Omura, T., Hibino, H. and Tsuchizaki, T. (1989b). J. gen. Virol. 70: 3015.

Kashiwazaki, S., Minobe, Y., Omura, T. and Hibino, H. (1990). J. gen. Virol. 71: 2781.

Kashiwazaki, S., Minobe, Y. and Hibino, H. (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 995.

Miyamoto, Y. (1958). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 23: 199.

Pröls, M., Davidson, A, Schell, J. and Steinbiss, H.-H. (1990). J. Phytopath. 130: 249.

Ruan, Y. and Jin, D. (1983). Acta phytopath. Sin. 13: 49.

Usugi, T. (1988). In: Viruses with Fungal Vectors, p. 213; eds J.I. Cooper and M.J.C. Asher, Association of Applied Biologists.

Usugi, T., Kashiwazaki, S., Omura, T. and Tsuchizaki, T. (1989). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 55: 26.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 63 by M.J. Adams, 1991. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 143.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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