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00.057.0.02.001. Ryegrass mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.057.0.02.001. Ryegrass mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Washington State; the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Lolium multiflorum.

Natural host and symptoms
Lolium ssp. in Europe, Lolium ssp. and Dactylis glomerata in North America — chlorotic flecking, mosaic, necrosis with some isolates, stunting and fewer tillers. Symptoms usually more obvious in L. multiflorum and L. multiflorum x L. perenne than in L. perenne. Necrosis rare in L. perenne.

Reference to Isolation Report
Bruehl et al. (1957).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.057.0.02.001. Virus accession number: 57002001. Obsolete virus code: 57.0.2.0.001; superceded accession number: 57020001.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 40666.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): ryegrass streak mosaic virus. ICTV approved acronym: RGMV. Virus is the type species. Virus is of the genus 00.057.0.02. Rymovirus in the family 00.057. Potyviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. Virus preparations contain one particle component. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a clear modal length with a length of 700 nm and a width of 15 nm. Axial canal is indistinct. Basic helix is obscure. Pitch of helix is 3.4 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Paliwal et al. (1976).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.325 g cm-3 (at 25°C), or 1.3049 g cm-3 (when fixed with glutaraldehyde). There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 166 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 60°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 1 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3. The infectivity is retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 5.3% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered. The genome is sequenced, and complete sequence is about 9000-10000 nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of 31 % guanine; 23 % adenine; 24 % cytosine; 22 % uracil. The 5'-end of the genome has a genome-linked protein (VPg). The 3'-terminus has a poly (A) tract.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 95% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Paliwal et al. (1976).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to isolates of the virus from Europe and North America are closely related. The virus does not show serological relationships to agropyron mosaic, spartina mottle, hordeum mosaic, wheat streak mosaic and oat necrotic mottle viruses.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae)
Subclass COMMELINIDAE; Order Poales.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods; arthropod-borne virus is transmitted by arachnids; arthropod-borne virus is transmitted by mites; arthropod-borne virus is transmitted by family Eriophyidae; Abacarus hystrix.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Gramineae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Avena sativa, Bromus mollis, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca pratensis, Lolium multiflorum, Lolium multiflorum x L. perenne, Lolium perenne, Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Gramineae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Avena sativa.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Avena sativa, Lolium multiflorum — systemic mosaic, necrotic flecking and striping.

L. perenne — systemic mosaic.

References to host data: Mulligan (1960).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in mesophyll. Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are pinwheels. Inclusions are and cylindrical structures. Inclusions do not contain mature virions. Other cellular changes include vacuolation of cytoplasm.

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in Eurasia and North America. The virus occurs in Australia.

References

Bruehl, G.W., Toko, H. and McKinney, HH (1957). Phytopathology 47: 517.

Gibson, R.W. and Heard, AJ. (1979). Ann. appl. Biol. 91: 101.

Mulligan, T.E. (1960). Ann. appl. Biol. 48: 575.

Paliwal, Y.C. and Tremaine, J.H. (1976). Phytopathology 66: 406.

Plumb, R.T. and James, M. (1973). J. gen. Virol. 18: 409.

Slykhuis, JT (1958). FAO Pl. Prot. Bull. 6: 129.

Slykhuis, JT and Paliwal, Y.C. (1972). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 86, 4 pp.

Slykhuis, JT, Watson, MA and Mulligan, T.E. (1956). Rep. Rothamsted Exp. Stn. 1956, p. 104.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 705 by R.T. Plumb, 1980. Revised 1984.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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