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00.057.0.01.010. Beet mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.057.0.01.010. Beet mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Braunschweig; Germany.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Beta vulgaris.

Natural host and symptoms
Beta maritima, Melilotus indicus, Trifolium incarnatum — vein yellowing or netting and leaf malformation.

Beta vulgaris — small local lesions on tip leaves, then mottling and malformation.

Spinacia oleracea — flecking, yellowing.

Chenopodium album — local lesions and curling of leaves.

Amaranthus retroflexus, Sonchus arvensis, Melilotus indicus — vein chlorosis, mottling.

Trifolium incarnatum — vein chlorosis, mottling, necrosis.

Reference to Isolation Report
Schneider and Mundry (1956, Zimmer and Brandes (1956).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.057.0.01.010. Virus accession number: 57001010. Obsolete virus code: 57.0.1.0.010; superceded accession number: 57010010.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 114921.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): spinach mosaic virus, sugarbeet mosaic virus. ICTV approved acronym: BtMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.057.0.01. Potyvirus in the family 00.057. Potyviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a length of 695-770 nm and a width of 13 nm. Axial canal is indistinct. Basic helix is obscure. Pitch of helix is 3.4 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Chod and Polak (1969, Fujisawa et al. (1983, Rogov et al. (1991, Grüntzig and Fuchs (1979a).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.31 g cm-3. Of the other(s) are 150-160 S20w. A260/A280 ratio is 1.22 to 1.25 (Fujisawa et al., 1983, 1.23 to 1.40 (Rogov et al., 1991). The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 55-60°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 1-2 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are not found in virions, is sequenced, but only an estimate is available, complete sequence is 10000 nucleotides long. Reference to nucleotide sequence isolation method by Karasev: two phenol/chloroform extractions (pH 8-8.5).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to bean yellow mosaic, soybean mosaic and potato Y viruses, but distantly. The virus does not show serological relationships to plum pox virus.

Dioscorea alata ring mottle virus strain differences include: purified virions sediment as 1 component, sedimentation coefficient 162 S, density in CsCl 1.321 g cm-3, nucleic acid 5.1%, genome is ssRNA, in 1 part, total size 10kb. Method of protein preparation reported by Laemmli and Favre (1973), 2 species found, Mr 36000 and 35000.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms).

General Symptoms in Plants Symptoms flecking then mosaic, malformation.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; more than 28 ssp. including Myzus persicae, Aphis fabae, Rhopalosiphum padi, Acyrthosiphon (Metopolophium) dirhodum, Macrosiphum (Sitobion) avenae. The principal natural vector(s) are Myzus persicae, Aphis fabae. Virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Malvaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Primulaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Abelmoschus esculentus, Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Atriplex hortensis, Beta macrocarpa, Beta maritima, Beta patellaris, Beta vulgaris, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Celosia argentea, Celosia cristata, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium capitatum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucurbita pepo, Dianthus barbatus, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Hyoscyamus niger, Melilotus indicus, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Phacelia campanularia, Phytolacca americana, Pisum sativum, Samolus parviflorus, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Trifolium incarnatum, Vicia faba, Zinnia elegans.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of mosaic, necrotic local lesions.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Compositae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Polemoniaceae, Solanaceae, Umbelliferae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Apium graveolens, Brassica campestris, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica juncea, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Calendula officinalis, Capsicum frutescens, Cheiranthus cheiri, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Cucumis sativus, Dahlia pinnata, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Daucus carota, Lactuca sativa, Lathyrus odoratus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Matthiola incana, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phlox drummondii, Physalis floridana, Raphanus sativus, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Solanum tuberosum, Sonchus oleraceus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vigna unguiculata.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Amaranthus caudatus, A retroflexus, Beta patellaris — necrotic local lesions.

Gomphrena globosa, Chenopodium quinoa, Spinacia oleracea — chlorotic local lesions.

Beta vulgaris — systemic mosaic.

Nicotiana bigelovii, N. clevelandii, Phacelia campanularia, Pisum sativum, Samolus parviflorus.

Stellaria media — necrotic spots; systemic mosaic.

Glycine max — systemic mosaic.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Beta vulgaris, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Amaranthus caudatus (L), Kazakh isolate (W), A. retroflexus (L), Gomphrena globosa (L), Beta patellaris (L), B. vulgaris (W), Chenopodium quinoa (L), Spinacia oleracea (W).

References to host data: Bennett (1949, Smith (1957, Thornberry (1966, Russell (1971, Edwardson (1974, Rogov et al. (1991).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and chloroplast.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Nuclear inclusion bodies are crystals. Cytoplasmic inclusions are crystals, amorphous X-bodies, and pinwheels. Inclusions are bundle type (Hoefert, 1969). Inclusions do not contain mature virions. Other cellular changes include enlarged and malformed nucleoli in Beta vulgaris and Gomphrena globosa.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide (in all major beet growing areas (Russell 1971)).

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Smith (1957).

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Dioscorea alata ring mottle virus, dioscorea alata ringspot virus.

References

Bennett, CW (1949). Phytopathology 39: 669.

Chod, J. and Polak, Z. (1969). Biologia Pl. 11: 324.

Edwardson, J.R. (1974). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 5.

Fujisawa, I., Tsuchizaki, T. and Iizuka, N. (1983). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 49: 22.

Grüntzig, M. and Fuchs, E. (1979a). Arch. Phytopathol. Pflanzenschutz 15: 89.

Grüntzig, M. and Fuchs, E. (1979b). Arch. Phytopathol. Pflanzenschutz 15: 153.

Hoefert, L.L. (1969). Virology 37: 498.

Katis, N. and Gibson, R.W. (1984). Pl. Path. 33: 425.

Laemmli, U.K. and Favre, M. (1973). J. mol. Biol. 80: 575.

Rogov, V.V., Bobkova, AF, Karasev, AV., Agranovsky, AA and Gorbunova, N.I. (1989). Doklady VASChNIL, No. 8, p. 7.

Rogov, V.V., Karasev, AV., Agranovsky, AA and Gorbunova, N.I. (1991). Pl. Path. 40 in press.

Russell, G.E. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 53, 3 pp.

Schneider, F. and Mundry, KW (1956). Z. Naturf. 11: 393.

Thornberry, HH (1966). In: Index of Plant Virus Diseases. U.S. Dep. Agric. Hdbk No. 307.

Tulegenov, T.A. (1977). Vest. Sel'.khoz. Nauki, Kazakhstana 20: 122.

Zimmer, K. and Brandes, J. (1956). Phytopath. Z. 26: 439.
The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References. A description of this taxon in VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 85 by G.D. Heathcote and R.D. Woods, 1982. Revised by F. Nienhaus, 1987 and I. Fujisawa, 1988. Revised by H.G. Smith and A.V. Karasev, 1991.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 53.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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