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00.056.0.83.011. Shallot mite-borne latent virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.056.0.83.011. Shallot mite-borne latent virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: imported from Asia to the Netherlands.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: in shallots (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum).

Natural host and symptoms
Allium cepa var. ascalonicum — symptomless infection or sometimes slight mottle.

Reference to Isolation Report
Van Dijk et al. (1991).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.056.0.83.011. Virus accession number: 56083011. Obsolete virus code: 00.091.0.81.011.; 56.0.1.T.D.09; superceded accession number: 91081011; 5601td09.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

The taxon has the accepted ICTV name.

ICTV approved acronym: ShMbLV. Virus is a tentative member. Virus is of the genus 00.056.0.03. Allexivirus in the family 00.056. Flexiviridae; not assigned to an order.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a clear modal length with a length of 767 nm. Axial canal is indistinct.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to onion mite-borne latent virus is distantly related to shallot mite-borne latent virus, but distantly. Shallot virus X is probably onion mite-borne latent virus, and/or shallot mite-borne latent virus (Van Dijk and van der Vlugt, 1994). The virus does not show serological relationships to no serological relationship with potyviruses, when tested in ISEM with polyclonal antibodies raised against whole potyvirus virions.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are no local lesions in Chenopodium ssp., especially Chenopodium murale; virions in the electron microscope are clearly more flexuous than those of poty and carlaviruses; no decoration of virions with antisera to poty or carlaviruses (if raised to uncontaminated virus cultures).

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae)
Subclass LILIIDAE; Order Liliales; Family Alliaceae. Virus found in Allium cepa var. ascalonicum (shallot) [TaxID 28911].

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Infection is not apparent.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods; arthropod-borne virus is transmitted by arachnids; arthropod-borne virus is transmitted by mites; arthropod-borne virus is transmitted by family Eriophyidae; Aceria tulipae. Virus is not transmitted by aphids; Acyrthosiphon pisum, Myzus (Sciamyzus) ascolonicus. Virus does not require a helper virus for vector transmission.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Alliaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Allium cepa, Allium cepa var. ascalonicum, Allium vineale.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of mostly symptomless or show chlorotic local lesions.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Alliaceae, Amaranthaceae, Anthericaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Allium fistulosum, Allium porrum, Allium sativum, Celosia argentea, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Chlorophytum comosum, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana hesperis, Nicotiana occidentalis, Vicia faba.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Allium cepa, A cepa var. ascalonicum, A vineale — symptomless infection or slight mottle. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Allium porrum, A sativum, A fistulosum, Chenopodium murale.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Allium cepa, A cepa var. ascalonicum.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Allium cepa, A cepa var. ascalonicum (W).

References to host data: Van Dijk et al. (1991).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in China, the Netherlands, Thailand, and the USSR (former).

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Van Dijk et al. (1991): vegetative propagation, latent infection, omnipresence and abundance of the vector imply that the virus can be readily spread and is difficult to control.

Comments

The onion mosaic virus reported from the former U.S.S.R. (Cheremushkina, 1982; Razvjaskina, 1971), was probably a mixture of onion mite-borne latent, shallot mite-borne latent and onion yellow dwarf viruses (Van Dijk et al., 1991).

References

Cheremushkina, N.P. (1982). Trudy po Selektsii i Semenovodstvu Ovoshchnyak Kultur 15: 74.

Razvjazkina, G.M. (1971). Tag. Akad. Landw. D.D.R. 115: 69.

Van Dijk, P. and van der Vlugt, R.AA (1994). Eur. J. Pl. Path. 100: 269.

Van Dijk, P., Verbeek, M. and Bos, L. (1991). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 97: 381.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 717 by P. van Dijk, 1991.

Taxonomic Proposals and Changes

A taxonomic proposal has been submitted to the ICTV by the Plant Virus Subcommittee, Study Group for Sobemovirus at the meeting in San Diego, March 1998 to include a new taxon. The proposal has been approved at the meeting of the Executive Committee in San Diego, 1998. The taxon has been accepted as tentative member (into the newly created Genus Allexivirus).



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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