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00.056.0.83.010. Onion mite-borne latent virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.056.0.83.010. Onion mite-borne latent virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the Netherlands.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Allium cepa var. ascalonicum.

Natural host and symptoms
Allium cepa, A cepa var. ascalonicum — usually symptomless, sometimes slight mottle. More virulent isolates induce diffuse yellow striping.

Reference to Isolation Report
Van Dijk et al. (1991).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.056.0.83.010. Virus accession number: 56083010. Obsolete virus code: 00.091.0.81.010.; 56.0.1.T.D.07; superceded accession number: 91081010; 5601td07.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

The taxon has the accepted ICTV name.

ICTV approved acronym: OMbLV. Virus is a tentative member. Virus is of the genus 00.056.0.03. Allexivirus in the family 00.056. Flexiviridae; not assigned to an order.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a clear modal length with a length of 775 nm. Axial canal is indistinct. Basic helix is obvious.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered, is fully sequenced, or partially sequenced. Sequence has the accession number

[D11159] Em(40)_vi:GVCCP1 Gb(84)_vi:GVCCP Garlic virus C gene for coat protein, complete cds. 10/92 1,372bp.
[D49443] Gb(89)_vi:Gmvcp Garlic mite-borne mosaic virus gene for coat protein. 3/95 2,518bp.
[L38892] Em(43)_vi:Jgvfra Gb(89)_vi:Jgvfra Mite-Born Filamentous Virus (UK garlic isolate) genomic RNA, 3' clip. 2/95 2,756bp.
[D11157] Em(40)_vi:GVACP1 Gb(84)_vi:GVACP Garlic virus A gene for coat protein, complete cds. 10/92 2,962bp.
[D11158] Em(40)_vi:GVBCP1 Gb(84)_vi:GVBCP Garlic virus B gene for coat protein, complete cds. 10/92 3,047bp.
[D11160] Em(40)_vi:GVDCP1 Gb(84)_vi:GVDCP Garlic virus D gene for coat protein, complete cds. 10/92 2,071bp.
[D28590] Em(43)_vi:Gv2cpa Gb(89)_vi:Gv2cpa Garlic virus 2 RNA for polyprotein precursor, nuclear inclusion protein b and coat protein. 1
[D28591] Em(43)_vi:Gv1cpb Gb(89)_vi:Gv1cpb Garlic virus 1 RNA for ORF, coat protein and 3'ORF for a 14.2kDa putative protein. 12/94.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to shallot mite-borne latent virus, but distantly.

The garlic strain differs from the type strain by not infecting onion, shallot and rakkyo, and in infecting garlic and sand leek. The garlic strain is also found in other countries including Chile, China, Iran, Japan, Morocco, Phillipines and Syria. Its virion length is 716 nm.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are induction of local lesions in Chenopodium murale and not in C. quinoa; virions in the electron microscope are clearly more flexuous than those of poty and carlaviruses; no decoration of virions with antisera to poty or carlaviruses (if raised to uncontaminated virus cultures).

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae)
Subclass LILIIDAE; Order Liliales; Family Alliaceae. Virus found in Allium cepa var. ascalonicum (shallot) [TaxID 28911].

General Symptoms in Plants Symptoms slight mottling or diffuse yellow stripes.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Infection is not apparent. Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seeds.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods; arthropod-borne virus is transmitted by arachnids; arthropod-borne virus is transmitted by mites; arthropod-borne virus is transmitted by family Eriophyidae; Aceria tulipae. Virus is not transmitted by Acyrthosiphon pisum, Myzus (Sciamyzus) ascalonicus, M. persicae.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Alliaceae, Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Allium cepa, Allium cepa var. ascalonicum, Allium chinense, Allium porrum, Allium vineale, Atriplex hortensis, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium murale, Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana occidentalis.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of symptomless or show chlorotic local lesions.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Alliaceae, Amaranthaceae, Anthericaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Liliaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Allium fistulosum, Allium schoenoprasum, Allium tuberosum, Amaranthus bicolor, Amaranthus caudatus, Celosia argentea, Chenopodium foetidum, Chenopodium quinoa, Chlorophytum comosum, Lilium formosanum, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana hesperis, Spinacia oleracea, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Vicia faba.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Allium cepa, A cepa var. ascalonicum, A porrum, A. chinense, A vineale — symptomless systemic infection.

Atriplex hortensis, Chenopodium murale — chlorotic local lesions.

Nicotiana occidentalis — symptomless systemic infection. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Allium fistulosum, A schoenoprasum, A tuberosum, Amaranthus bicolor, Chenopodium quinoa.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Allium cepa, A cepa var. ascalonicum, A vineale, Chenopodium murale.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Allium vineale (W), Atriplex hortensis (L), Chenopodium murale (L).

References to host data: Van Dijk et al. (1991).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Inclusions are are granular inclusion bodies resembling those of potyviruses.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in France, the Netherlands, Spain, and the USSR (former).

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Van Dijk (1991): vegetative propagation of the most important hosts, latent infection and omnipresence and abundance of the vector imply that the virus is readily spread and that it is difficult to control. For information on abundance of A. tulipae on onion in the former U.S.S.R., see Cheremushkina (1982).

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Garlic strain.

Comments

The onion mosaic virus reported from the former Russia (Cheremushkina, 1982; Razvjazkina, 1971) was probably a mixture of onion mite-borne latent virus, shallot mite-borne latent virus and onion yellow dwarf virus (Van Dijk et al., 1991). Similarly the garlic yellow streak virus (Mohamed and Young, 1981) of Australasia is also probably a complex of these viruses. Shallot Virus X is probably also one or more components of this complex (Van Dijk and van der Vlugt, 1994). An antiserum to a German garlic latent virus contained antibodies to the garlic strain of onion mite-borne latent virus (Van Dijk et al., 1991).

References

Cheremushkina, N.P. (1982). Trudy po Selektsii i Semenovodstvu Ovoshchnyak Kultur 15: 74.

Mohamed, N.A. and Young, B.R. (1981). Ann. appl. Biol. 97: 65.

Razvjazkina, G.M. (1971). Tag. Akad. Landw. D.D.R 115: 69.

Van Dijk, P. and van der Vlugt, R.AA (1994). Eur. J. Pl. Path. 100: 269.

Van Dijk, P., Verbeek, M. and Bos, L. (1991). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 97: 381.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 537 by P. van Dijk, 1991.



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ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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