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00.056.0.04. Carlavirus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.056.0.04. Carlavirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the genus level (not yet assigned to a family) with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.056.0.04. Virus accession number: 056004GE. Obsolete virus code: 00.014.0.01.; 14.0.1.; superceded accession number: 014001GE; 14010000.
NCBI Taxonomy Identifier Taxon ID: 12163.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): Carnation latent virus group. Virus is of the family 00.056. Flexiviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous and straight, or bent; is longitudinally striated (files of subunits separated by about four longitudinal furrows) with a length of (500-)610-700(-720) nm and a width of 12-15 nm. Axial canal is distinct, or indistinct; 2-2.666-3.5 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious, or obscure. Pitch of helix is 3.3-3.4-3.5 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions, or many virions.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.28-1.306-1.32 g cm-3; sucrose of 1.29 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 147.5-163.2-176 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is 4.5. A260/A280 ratio is 1.08-1.239-1.4. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 50-68.5-85°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 0.5-4.852-21 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 2, or 3, or 4, or 5, or 6, or 7. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether; retained when deproteinized with proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent, or lost when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 2.5-5.703-8.5% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA (which are possibly encapsidated in shorter particles). The genome is sequenced, and complete sequence is about 6480-7759-8535 nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of 31 % guanine; 24 % adenine; 23 % cytosine; 22 % uracil. The genome has a guanine + cytosine content of 47-48 %. The 5'-end of the genome has a sometimes methylated nucleotide cap, or monophosphate cap. The 3'-terminus has a poly (A) tract.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 93.75-94.52-95% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s), or 2 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is infectious.

Transcription: The virus codes for 6 ORF(s).

Sub-genomic RNA is absent from infected cells. The genome expression is based on RNA production which can be analyzed by the dsRNA patterns found in the infected tissues. Usually there are 1 virus specified dsRNA species found in infected cells.

Coding Strategy of Segment 1: Sequence has a gene block. Sequence has triple gene block sequence (TGB). Encodes proteins involved in cell to cell movement.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae), or Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

General Symptoms in Plants Symptoms are expressed in the leaf, or inflorescence; include stunting, or deformation, or chlorosis; include stunting of all plant parts; include deformation of leaves; include necrosis of the shoot. Symptoms in leaves include change in texture. Leaf surface can be curled; margin can be curled. Leaf veins are chlorotic. Include vein clearing, or banding. Leaves with mosaic, or streaks.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Infection is apparent, or not apparent. Signs and symptoms persist, or vary cyclically over a few weeks, or vary seasonally, or disappear soon after infection.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector, or not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation, or not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds, or not transmitted by seeds; transmitted by pollen to the pollinated plant, or not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aleyrodidae, Aphididae. Virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner, or in a semi-persistent manner; lost by the vector when it moults; does not replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families, several families, few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Alliaceae, Alstroemeriaceae, Amaranthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Apocynaceae, Balsaminaceae, Bombacaceae, Cactaceae, Cannabidaceae, Capparidaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Crassulaceae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Ericaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Gentianaceae, Gramineae, Hydrangeaceae, Labiatae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Liliaceae, Malvaceae, Moraceae, Oleaceae, Onagraceae, Passifloraceae, Pedaliaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polemoniaceae, Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Sambucaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tetragoniaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Umbelliferae, Urticaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Adansonia digitata, Allium ampeloprasum var. holmense, Allium ampeloprasum var. sectivum, Allium cepa, Allium cepa var. ascalonicum, Allium cepa var. cepa, Allium cepa var. perutile, Allium chinense, Allium fistulosum, Allium porrum, Allium sativum, Allium vineale, Alstroemeria, Amaranthus caudatus, Ammi majus, Angelica sylvestris, Anthriscus cerefolium, Anthriscus sylvestris, Antirrhinum majus, Apium graveolens, Arachis hypogaea, Arracacia xanthorrhiza, Aster amellus, Aster novae-angliae, Aster novi-belgii, Atriplex hortensis, Beta patellaris, Beta vulgaris, Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Brassica juncea, Brassica oleracea, Brassica oleracea var. acephala, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Bryonia dioica, or Cactaceae, Cajanus cajan, Calendula officinalis, Canavalia ensiformis, Capparis spinosa, Capparis spinosa var. rupestris, Capsicum annuum, Cardamine, Cardamine lilacina, Carum carvi, Cassia coluteoides, Cassia macranthera, Cassia obtusifolia, Cassia occidentalis, Cassia sylvestris, Catharanthus roseus, Celosia argentea, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium capitatum, Chenopodium foetidum, Chenopodium giganteum, Chenopodium hybridum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Chrysanthemum carinatum, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Cicer arietinum, Cichorium endiva, Cichorium intybus, Citrullus lanatus, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita pepo, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Cynara scolymus, Cynodon dactylon, Daphne, Daphne cneorum, Daphne genkwa, Daphne giraldii, Daphne laureola, Daphne odora, Daphne retusa, Daphne x burkwoodii, Daphne x dauphinii, Daphne x napolitana, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Datura tatula, Daucus carota, Dianthus barbatus, Dianthus caryophyllus, Dioscorea batatas, Dioscorea batatas f. typica, Fagopyrum esculentum, Ficus carica, Fragaria chiloensis, Fragaria vesca, Fragaria virginiana, Fragaria x ananassa, Fuchsia speciosa x F. hybrida, Gentiana sino-ornata, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Gynura aurantiaca, Helenium amarum, Helianthus annuus, Helleborus niger, Hippeastrum hybridum, Humulus japonicus, Humulus lupulus, Hydrangea macrophylla, Impatiens holstii, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, Lactuca sativa, Lathyrus odoratus, Lavatera trimestris, Lens culinaris, Lilium longiflorum, Lonicera americana, Lonicera brownii, Lonicera caprifolium, Lonicera heckottii, Lonicera henryi, Lonicera japonica, Lonicera periclymenum, Lonicera telmanniana, Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius, Lycopersicon esculentum, Malva parviflora, Manihot esculenta, Medicago alba, Medicago hispida, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Melilotus officinalis, Morus alba, Nerine bowdenii, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana affinis, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana glutinosa x N. clevelandii, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana occidentalis, Nicotiana pavicola, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana x edwardsonii, Ocimum basilicum, Passiflora caerulea, Pastinaca sativa, Pennisetum pedicellatum, Petasites officinalis, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phlox drummondii, Physalis floridana, Physalis franchetii, Pisum sativum, Plantago lanceolata, Populus balsamifera, Populus candicans, Populus deltoides subspecies angulata, monilifera, missouriensis, Populus maximowiczii, Populus nigra, Populus trichocarpa, Populus x canadensis, Populus x interamericana, Prunus, Raphanus sativus, Rubus idaeus, Sambucus canadensis, Sambucus nigra, Sambucus racemosa, Senecio cruentus, Sesamum indicum, Sinapis alba, Solanum demissum, Solanum demissum x S. tuberosum, Solanum melongena, Solanum rostratum, Solanum tuberosum, Sonchus oleraceus, Sorghum bicolor, Spinacia oleracea, Syringa oblata var. affinis, Syringa vulgaris, Taraxacum officinale, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Theobroma cacao, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Trifolium subterraneum, Tropaeolum majus, Tulipa gesneriana cultivars, Urtica urens, Vaccinium corymbosum, Vicia faba, Vicia sativa, Vicia villosa, Vigna radiata, Vigna subterranea, Vigna unguiculata, Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Alliaceae, Amaranthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Anthericaceae, Apocynaceae, Balsaminaceae, Begoniaceae, or Bignoniaceae, Boraginaceae, Cannabidaceae, Caryophyllaceae, or Chenopodiaceae, Commelinaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, or Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae (25/36), or Euphorbiaceae, Geraniaceae, or Gesneriaceae, Gramineae, Iridaceae, Labiatae, or Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Liliaceae, or Lythraceae, Malvaceae, Myrtaceae, Onagraceae, Papaveraceae, or Passifloraceae, Phytolaccaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polemoniaceae, or Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae, Primulaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Saxifragaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae, or Tropaeolaceae, Umbelliferae, Verbenaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Abelmoschus esculentus, Achillea filipendulina, Achillea ptarmica, Ageratum conyzoides, Ajuga reptans, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Alonsoa warscewiczii, Althaea rosea, Amaranthus caudatus, Anchusa azurea, Antirrhinum majus, Apium graveolens, Aquilegia coerulea, Arachis hypogaea, Atriplex hortensis, Aurinia saxatilis var. compactum, Avena sativa, Begonia x tuberhybrida, Belamcanda chinensis, Bellis perennis, Beta macrocarpa, Beta vulgaris, Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Brassica juncea, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera, Brassica oleracea var. italica, Cajanus cajan, Calendula chrysantha, Calendula officinalis, Callistephus chinensis, Calystegia sepium, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, Cassia occidentalis, Catalpa bignonioides, Catharanthus roseus, Celosia argentea, Celosia cristata, Cheiranthus cheiri, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium capitatum, Chenopodium foetidum, Chenopodium foliosum, Chenopodium hybridum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Chlorophytum comosum, Chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum maximum, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Chrysanthemum segetum, Cicer arietinum, Cichorium endiva, Citrullus lanatus, Clarkia amoena, Convolvulus tricolor, Coreopsis tinctoria, Coriandrum sativum, Crotalaria, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Cynara scolymus, Dactylis glomerata, Dahlia pinnata, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Datura tatula, Daucus carota, Delphinium grandiflorum, Delphinium hybridum, Dianthus barbatus, Dianthus caryophyllus, Emilia sagittata, Epilobium montanum, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Euphorbia marginata, Fagopyrum esculentum, Gazania rigens, Gerbera jamesonii, Geum chiloense, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Gynura aurantiaca, Helenium autumnale, Helianthus annuus, Helianthus maximilianii, Helichrysum bracteatum, Hibiscus cannabinus, Hordeum vulgare, Humulus lupulus, Hyoscyamus niger, Impatiens walleriana, Iris pumila, Lactuca sativa, Lathyrus odoratus, Lavatera trimestris, Lens culinaris, Liatris spicata, Lilium formosanum, Lobularia maritima, Lotus corniculatus, Luffa acutangula, Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius, Lupinus polyphyllus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, Lythrum salicaria, Matthiola incana, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Mimulus luteus, Momordica balsamina, Mycelis muralis, Myosotis scorpioides, Myosotis sylvatica, Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana glutinosa x N. clevelandii, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana occidentalis, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Ocimum basilicum, Papaver nudicaule, Papaver rhoeas, Papaver somniferum, Passiflora edulis, Pastinaca sativa, Pelargonium x domesticum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phlox drummondii, Physalis floridana, Phytolacca americana, Pisum sativum, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago rugelii, Portulaca grandiflora, Portulaca oleracea, Primula malacoides, Primula sinensis, Ranunculus ficaria, Ranunculus repens, Raphanus sativus, Saintpaulia ionantha, Salpiglossis sinuata, Salvia splendens, Saponaria vaccaria, Saxifraga cordifolia, Schizanthus pinnatus, Senecio vulgaris, Solanum demissum, Solanum demissum x S. tuberosum, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Solanum rostratum, Solanum tuberosum, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media, Tagetes erecta, Taraxacum officinale, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Tinantia erecta, Torenia fournieri, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Trifolium subterraneum, Triticum aestivum, Tropaeolum majus, Tulipa, Verbena hybrida, Verbesina encelioides, Vicia faba, Vicia villosa, Vigna angularis, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis , Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata, Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.

Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm, or chloroplast, or mitochondria.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells, or not present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are crystals, or amorphous X-bodies, or membranous bodies, or viroplasma. Inclusions contain mature virions, or do not contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide. The virus spreads in Africa, or Eurasia, or the Middle East, or North America, or South and Central Americas. The virus occurs in Argentina, or Australia, or Belgium, or Bolivia, or Brazil, or Canada, or China, or Cote d'Ivoire, or Czechoslovakia (former), or Denmark, or Egypt, or Fiji, or France, or Germany, or Ghana, or India, or Indonesia, or Israel, or Italy, or Japan, or Kenya, or Malaysia, or the Netherlands, or New Zealand (Aotearoa), or Nigeria, or Peru, or the Solomon Islands, or Tanzania, or Thailand, or the United Kingdom, or the United States of America, or Yemen.

Taxonomic Structure of the Genus

Type species 00.014.0.01.001. Carnation latent virus .

Species in the Genus

List of Species in the Genus.

Tentative Species in the Genus

Tentative Species in the Genus.

Data Sources and Contributions

The description has been compiled from data in the ICTV Report presented by Brunt AA.

References

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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