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00.056.0.04.028. Shallot latent virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.056.0.04.028. Shallot latent virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the Netherlands.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Allium cepa var. ascalonicum.

Natural host and symptoms
Allium porrum — mild chlorotic streaking.

Allium cepa var. cepa, A. sativum, A cepa var. ascalonicum — symptomless.

Reference to Isolation Report
Bos (1972).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.056.0.04.028. Virus accession number: 56004028. Obsolete virus code: 00.014.0.01.028.; 14.0.1.0.028; superceded accession number: 14001028; 14010028.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12172.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): garlic latent virus (Van Dijk, 1993). ICTV approved acronym: SLV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus Carlavirus; family 00.056. Flexiviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous and straight to curved; with a length of 650 nm. Axial canal is indistinct. Basic helix is obscure.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Virions best seen in PTA, often aggregated end-to-end. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Bos et al. (1978, molecular sieving through Sephadex G-200, then equilibrium density gradient centrifuging in CsCl (Bos et al., 1978).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.313 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 147.5 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at about 80°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 8-11 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 4-5.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Huttinga (1975).

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Transcription: The virus codes for 6 ORF(s).

Coding Strategy of Segment 1: Sequence has a gene block. Sequence has triple gene block sequence (TGB). Encodes proteins involved in cell to cell movement.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to Narcissus latent virus and Lonicera latent virus. The virus does not show serological relationships to Chrysanthemum virus B, Nerine latent virus, Pea streak virus, Poplar mosaic virus, Potato virus S, Potato virus M, Red clover vein mosaic virus, Lily symptomlessvirus and Carnation latent virus.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are ISEM with antiserum or Shallot latent virus, rapid formation of local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa and local lesions more numerous and smaller than those of leek yellow stripe virus.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Myzus (Sciamyzus) ascolonicus and, perhaps, Aphis fabae. Virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Alliaceae, Chenopodiaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Allium cepa, Allium cepa var. ascalonicum, Allium cepa var. cepa, Allium fistulosum, Allium porrum, Allium sativum, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Compositae, Gramineae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Liliaceae, Solanaceae, or Tetragoniaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Chrysanthemum, Cichorium endiva, Crotalaria, Gomphrena globosa, Lilium formosanum, Lycopersicon esculentum, Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana tabacum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Tulipa, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata, Zea mays.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Chenopodium album, C. amaranticolor, C. quinoa — small dry local lesions in yellowing leaves, often developing green rings.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana clevelandii, N. tabacum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Allium porrum, A fistulosum (‘filter host' to separate the leek yellow stripe virus).

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), C. quinoa (L).

References to host data: Bos et al. (1978).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in leaves. Virions are found in the cytoplasm (Paludan, 1980).

Cytopathology: Inclusions are not present in infected cells.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide (all shallots tested have been found to be infected). The virus occurs in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom.

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Bos et al. (1978, Paludan (1980).

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Type, garlic and Asian shallot strains recognized (Van Dijk, 1993).

References

Bos, L. (1972). Gewasbesch. 3:81.

Bos, L. (1982). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 250, 4 pp.

Bos, L., Huttinga, H. and Maat, D.Z. (1975). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 84: 227.

Huttinga, H. (1975). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 81: 81.

Paludan, N. (1980). Tidsskr. PlAvl. 84: 371.

Van Dijk, P. (1993). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 99: 233.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 716 by L. Bos, 1987. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 250.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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