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Descriptions are generated automatically from the ICTVdB database including links. Some descriptions are only very basic and links may point to documents that are not yet published on the Web.

00.056.0.04.027. Red clover vein mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.056.0.04.027. Red clover vein mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Trifolium pratense.

Natural host and symptoms
Trifolium pratense — mosaic, vein yellowing.

Reference to Isolation Report
Osborne (1937).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.056.0.04.027. Virus accession number: 56004027. Obsolete virus code: 00.014.0.01.027.; 14.0.1.0.027; superceded accession number: 14001027; 14010027.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): pea stunt virus, vein mosaic virus of red clover. ICTV approved acronym: RCVMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.056.0.04. Carlavirus in the family 00.056. Flexiviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous and straight with a length of 600-700 nm and a width of 12 nm. Axial canal is distinct; 3.5 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious. Pitch of helix is 3.4 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Varma et al. (1970).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 160 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is 4.5. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 60°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 2-3 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 6.25% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered. The complete genome is 7500 nucleotides long. Genome is sequenced, but only an estimate is available, complete sequence is 7500 nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of 31 % guanine; 24 % adenine; 23 % cytosine; 22 % uracil.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 93.75% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins.

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Transcription: The virus codes for 6 ORF(s).

Coding Strategy of Segment 1: Sequence has a gene block. Sequence has triple gene block sequence (TGB). Encodes proteins involved in cell to cell movement.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to Pea streak virus.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ROSIDAE; Order Rosales.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by seeds (in Trifolium pratense and Vicia faba, not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Acyrthosiphon pisum, Myzus persicae, Therioaphis (Pterocallidium) maculatus, Cavariella aegopodii, C. theobaldi. Virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Antirrhinum majus, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Lathyrus odoratus, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia faba, Vicia sativa.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Cucurbitaceae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Capsicum frutescens, Cucumis sativus, Datura stramonium, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Lotus corniculatus, Lupinus angustifolius, Lycopersicon esculentum, Medicago sativa, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Solanum tuberosum, Vicia villosa, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum cv. Perfection, Trifolium incarnatum, T. pratense, T. repens, Vicia sativa — systemic mosaic, yellowing and leaf deformation.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Medicago sativa.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Melilotus albus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum cv. Perfection, Trifolium incarnatum, T. pratense.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Melilotus albus (W), Phaseolus vulgaris (W), Pisum sativum cv. Perfection (W), Trifolium incarnatum (W), T. pratense (W).

References to host data: Hagedorn and Hanson (1951, Sander (1959, Thornberry (1966, Varma (1970, Hampton et al. (1978).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in leaves.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells (Pisum sativum and in leaf hairs of Trifolium pratense). Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are amorphous X-bodies. Inclusions are and crystalline; bundles of virions and rings of coiled virions in ultrathin sections. Inclusions contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in North America. The virus occurs in Germany and the Netherlands. The virus is found, but with no evidence of proliferation, in the U.K., Sweden and Switzerland.

References

Hagedorn, D.J. (1958). Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 64: 263.

Hagedorn, D.J. (1974). Ann. Phytop. Soc. Monog. No. 9.

Hagedorn, D.J. and Hanson (1951). Phytopathology 41: 813.

Hagedorn, D.J. and Walker, JC (1949). J. Agric. Res. 78: 617.

Hagedorn, D.J., Bos, L. and van der Want, J.P.H. (1959). Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 65: 13.

Hampton, R., Beczner, L., Hagedorn, D., Bos, L., Inouye, T., Barnett, O., Musil, M. and Meiners, J. (1978). Phytopathology 68: 989.

Osborne, H.T. (1937). Phytopathology 27: 1051.

Sander, E. (1959). Phytopathology 49: 748.

Thornberry, HH (1966). In: Index of Plant Virus Diseases U.S. Dep. Agric. Hdbk No. 307, p. 294.

Varma, A (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 22, 4 pp.

Varma, A, Gibbs, AJ. and Woods, R.D. (1970). J. gen. Virol. 8: 21. The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 675 by D.J. Hagedorn, 1981. Revised 1983.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 22.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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