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00.056.0.04.025. Potato virus M

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.056.0.04.025. Potato virus M. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Solanum tuberosum.

Natural host and symptoms
Solanum tuberosum — symptoms range from very slight (e.g. in cv. King Edward) to severe (e.g. in cv. Arran Victory). Causes mottles, mosaic, crinkling and abaxial rolling of leaves, and stunting of shoots.

Reference to Isolation Report
Schultz and Folsom (1923, Bagnall et al. (1956).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.056.0.04.025. Virus accession number: 56004025. Obsolete virus code: 00.014.0.01.025.; 14.0.1.0.025; superceded accession number: 14001025; 14010025.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12167.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): Kartoffel-K-Virus, Kartoffel-Rollmosaik-Virus, potato paracrinkle virus (Bagnall et al., 1959; Kassanis, 1961; 1963; Salaman and Le Pelly, 1930), potato virus E. ICTV approved acronym: PVM. Virus is an ICTV approved species. Virus is of the genus 00.056.0.04. Carlavirus in the family 00.056. Flexiviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous and straight to curved; with a length of 650 nm and a width of 12 nm (Brandes et al., 1959). Basic helix is obscure.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Reference for electron microscopic methods: Wetter (1960, Proll and Richter (1979).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 65-71°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 5-7 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 2-3.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 6% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite, only one particle size is recovered of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA, is fully sequenced. Complete sequence is 8535 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number

[D00515] Em(40)_vi:PVM3TR Potato virus M genomic RNA, 3'-terminal region. 2/93 3,164bp.
[D14449] Em(40)_vi:PTMPVMCG Gb(84)_vi:PTMPVMCG Potato virus M genomic RNA, complete sequence. 2/93 8,535bp.
[X53062] Em(40)_vi:POPVMCG Gb(84)_vi:POPVMCG Potato virus M complete genome. 9/93 8,535bp.
[X57440] Em(40)_vi:PVMCP Gb(84)_vi:PVMCP Potato Virus M genes for capsid protein CP and 12 kDa protein. 6/92 1,400bp. 4 sequences. NCBI reference genome has the accession number [NC_001361]. Reference to nucleotide sequence Rupasov (1989, Proll et al. (1981, Tavantzis (1984).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins.

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Transcription: The virus codes for 6 ORF(s).

Coding Strategy of Segment 1: Sequence has a gene block. Sequence has triple gene block sequence (TGB). Encodes proteins involved in cell to cell movement.

Replication cycle Features: the genome has the sequence of the 3' proximal 2630 nucleotides of the genomic RNA has been determined; five ORF's have been recognized which encode polypeptides of c. 11000, 34000, 25000, 12000 and 7000.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to Carnation latent virus, Potato virus S, Chrysanthemum virus B, Passiflora latent virus, Cactus virus 2 and Red clover vein mosaic virus, but distantly.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are potatoes are often infected with both Potato virus M and Potato virus S; PVM can be freed from PVS by inoculating tomato, which is immune to Potato virus S, or the potato cultivar Saco, which is very resistant to Potato virus S and Potato virus X.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ASTERIDAE; Order Solanales.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Myzus persicae (Wetter and Völk, 1960) but less efficiently by Aphis frangulae, A nasturtii and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Bode and Weidemann, 1970, some isolates not aphid-transmitted (Kassanis, 1961). Virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Beta vulgaris, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Dianthus barbatus, Dianthus caryophyllus, Gomphrena globosa, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana occidentalis, Phaseolus vulgaris, Solanum demissum, Solanum demissum x S. tuberosum, Solanum melongena, Solanum rostratum, Solanum tuberosum, Vigna unguiculata.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Commelinaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Tinantia erecta.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Datura metel — chlorotic or necrotic local lesions then systemic rugose chlorotic mottle, leaves abscissed, plants stunted and may die.

Gomphrena globosa — chlorotic spots with reddish borders; not systemic.

Lycopersicon esculentum — symptomless systemic infection.

Nicotiana debneyi — irregular brown necrotic ring-like local lesions; not systemic.

Solanum rostratum — systemic necrotic streaking of stem, petioles and leaf-veins.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Tinantia erecta.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Lycopersicon esculentum, Solanum tuberosum cv. Saco.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Datura metel (L), Gomphrena globosa (L), Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Red Kidney bean (L) (Hiruki, 1970).

References to host data: De Bokx (1984, Vulich and Hunnius (1967, Kowalska and W s (1976).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are amorphous X-bodies.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide (in potato cultivars).

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Kassanis (1957). King Edward potato has been freed from Potato virus M, Potato virus S and other viruses by apical meristem culture.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Potato leafrolling mosaic virus, potato American interveinal mosaic virus (Schultz and Folsom, 1923; Bagnall et al., 1956, Dutch isolates (Rozendaal and van Slogteren, 1958, D1102 and Fortuna isolates (Köhler, 1953; Wetter and Brandes, 1956).

References

Bagnall, RH, Larson RH and Walker, JC (1956). Res. Bull. agric. Exp. Stn. Univ. Wis. 198, 45 pp.

Bagnall, RH, Wetter, C. and Larson, RH (1959). Phytopathology 49: 435.

Bode, O. and Weidemann, H.L. (1970). Proc. 4th trienn. Conf. Eur. Ass. Potato Res. Brest 1969, p. 224.

Brandes, J., Wetter, C., Bagnall, RH and Larson, RH (1959). Phytopathology 49: 443.

de Bokx, J.A. (1984). Potato Res. 27: 99.

de Bokx, J.A., Piron, P.J.M. and Cother, E. (1980). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 86: 285.

Hiruki, C. (1970). Phytopathology 60: 739.

Kassanis, B (1957). Ann. appl. Biol. 45: 422.

Kassanis, B (1960). Nature, Lond. 188: 688.

Kassanis, B (1961). Eur. Potato J. 4: 13.

Köhler, E. (1953). Ber. dt. bot. Ges. 66: 63.

Kowalska, A and W s, M. (1976). Potato Res. 19: 131.

Proll, E., Leiser, RM and Östermann, W.D. (1981). Potato Res. 24: 1.

Proll, E. and Richter, J. (1979). Arch. Phytopathol. PflSchutz, Berlin 15: 233.

Rozendaal, A and van Slogteren, D.H.M. (1958). Proc. 3rd Conf. Potato Virus Diseases, Lisse-Wageningen 1957, p. 20.

Rupasov, V.V., Morozov, S.Y., Kanyuka, K.V. and Zavriev, S.K. (1989). J. gen. Virol. 70: 1861.

Salaman, R.N. and Le Pelley, E.H. (1930). Proc. R. Soc. 106: 140.

Schultz, E.S. and Folsom, D. (1923). J. agric. Res. 25: 43.

Tavantzis, SM (1984). Virology 133: 427.

Vulich, M. and Hunnius, W. (1967). Phytopath. Z. 59: 225.

Wetter, C. (1960). Arch. Microbiol. 37: 278.

Wetter, C. (1967). Z. Naturf. 22: 1008.

Wetter, C. (1972). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 87, 4 pp.

Wetter, C. and Brandes, J. (1956). Phytopath. Z. 26: 81006.

Wetter, C. and Völker, J. (1960). Eur. Potato J. 3: 158.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 645 by J.A. de Bokx, 1987. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 87.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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