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00.056.0.01.021. White clover mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.056.0.01.021. White clover mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Trifolium repens.

Natural host and symptoms
Trifolium ssp. — chlorotic mottling, streaking and systemic mosaic.

Reference to Isolation Report
Pierce (1935).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.056.0.01.021. Virus accession number: 56001021. Obsolete virus code: 56.0.1.0.021; superceded accession number: 56010021.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12188.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): clover mosaic virus, pea wilt virus (Bos et al., 1959; Johnson, 1942). ICTV approved acronym: WClMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species. Virus is of the genus 00.056.0.01. Potexvirus in the family 00.056. Flexiviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a length of 480 nm and a width of 13 nm. Axial canal is indistinct; 3.5 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious. Pitch of helix is 3.4 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions (especially that from French bean, although often fewer in sap of infected clover). Reference for electron microscopic methods: Francki and McLean (1968).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 119 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is 4.5. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 60°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 10-99 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 4-5. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 6% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite, only one particle size is recovered of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 5845 nucleotides long. Sequence is fully and partially sequenced, complete sequence is 5845 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number

[M18920] Em(40)_vi:WCP3EA Gb(84)_vi:WCP3EA White clover mosaic virus 3'-terminal RNA region encoding ORFs of 17K, 5' end; and of 13
[X06728] Em(40)_vi:POWC1MVX Gb(84)_vi:POWC1MVX Potexvirus white clover mosaic virus (WC1MV) RNA genome. 9/93 5,845bp.
[X16636] Em(40)_vi:POWCLMV4 Gb(84)_vi:POWCLMV4 White clover mosaic virus total genomic mRNA. 9/93 5,846bp. 3 sequences.

The genome has a base ratio of 15.5 % guanine; 31.8 % adenine; 26.9 % cytosine; 25.7 % uracil. The 5'-end of the genome has a nucleotide cap probably of the type m7GpppG.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 94% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Miki et al. (1967, Koenig et al. (1971).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Transcription: The virus codes for 5 ORF(s).

Coding Strategy of Segment 1: Sequence has a gene block. Sequence has triple gene block sequence (TGB). Encodes proteins involved in cell to cell movement.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to potato X, cactus X, hydrangea ringspot and clover yellow mosaic viruses, but distantly.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are the banded body inclusions induced by white clover mosaic virus are disrupted when preparing epidermal strips for examination, but these inclusions distinguish white clover mosaic virus from clover yellow mosaic virus.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ROSIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms vary seasonally.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds (to 6% in Trifolium pratense).

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Tropaeolaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Antirrhinum majus, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Datura stramonium, Glycine max, Lycopersicon esculentum, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Tropaeolum majus, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Euphorbiaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae, or Umbelliferae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Amaranthus retroflexus, Apium graveolens, Beta vulgaris, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Calendula officinalis, Capsicum frutescens, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Gomphrena globosa, Matthiola incana, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana tabacum, Ricinus communis, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Zinnia elegans.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Cucumis sativus — necrotic local lesions.

Phaseolus vulgaris — necrotic and chlorotic local lesions, systemic yellowing.

Pisum sativum — chlorotic local lesions, leaf shape malformation.

Trifolium ssp. — systemic mosaic.

Vicia faba — necrotic local lesions, systemic mosaic.

Vigna unguiculata — necrotic and chlorotic local lesions. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Chenopodium quinoa.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Phaseolus vulgaris.

References to host data: Bancroft et al. (1960, Beczner and Vassanyi (1981).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Inclusions are cytoplasmic banded bodies and few vesiculated aggregates. Inclusions contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide (in temperate regions).

References

Agrawal, H., Bos, L. and Chessin, M. (1962). Phytopathology 62: 517.

Bancroft, J.B., Tuite, J. and Hissong, G. (1960). Phytopathology 50: 711.

Beczner, L. and Vassanyi, R. (1981). Acta Phytopath. Acad. Sci. Hung. 16: 109.

Bos, L., Delvic, B. and van der Want, J.P.H. (1959). Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 65: 89.

Bucks, R. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 41, 4 pp.

Edwardson, J.R. and Christie, R.G. (1986). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 14, p. 350.

Forster, R.L.S., Bevan, M.V., Harrison, S.A. and Gardner, R.C. (1988). Nucl. Acids Res. 16: 291.

Francki, RIB. and McLean, GD (1968). Aust. J. biol. Sci. 21: 1311.

Fry, P.R., Grogan, R.G. and Lyttleton, J.W. (1960). Phytopathology 50: 175.

Johnson, F. (1942). Phytopathology 32: 103.

Koenig, R. (1971). J. gen. Virol. 10: 111.

Miki, T. and Knight, CA (1967). Virology 31: 55.

Pierce, W.H. (1935). J. Agric. Res. 51: 1017.
The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 896 by P.L. Guy, 1980. Revised 1983.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 41.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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