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00.056.0.01.003. Cactus virus X

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.056.0.01.003. Cactus virus X. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Germany.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Cacti.

Natural host and symptoms
Opuntia vulgaris, Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica, Pereskia saccharosa, Schlumbergera bridgesii, Epiphyllum ssp., Cereus ssp., Echinopsis ssp., Zygocactus ssp., Ferocactus acanthodes, Echinocereus procumbens — usually infected symptomlessly.

Reference to Isolation Report
Amelunxen (1958).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.056.0.01.003. Virus accession number: 56001003. Obsolete virus code: 56.0.1.0.003; superceded accession number: 56010003.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 112227.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): barrel cactus virus (Attathom et al, 1978; Milne, 1988). ICTV approved acronym: CVX. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.056.0.01. Potexvirus in the family 00.056. Flexiviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a length of 520 nm and a width of 13 nm. Axial canal is indistinct.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Koenig and Lesemann (1983).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 120 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 82°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 28 days (or longer). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 5. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 5% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite, only one particle size is recovered of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 6500 nucleotides long, is sequenced and complete sequence is about 6500 nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of 20.8 % guanine; 26.4 % adenine; 29.2 % cytosine; 23.6 % uracil. Reference to nucleotide sequence Attathom et al. (1978, Koenig (1971).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 95% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Attathom et al. (1978).

Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Attathom et al. (1978).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Transcription: The virus codes for 5 ORF(s).

Coding Strategy of Segment 1: Sequence has a gene block. Sequence has triple gene block sequence (TGB). Encodes proteins involved in cell to cell movement.

Antigenicity

The virus does not show serological relationships to zygocactus Virus X.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass CARYOPHYLLIDAE.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Cactaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Labiatae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica, Beta vulgaris, or Cactaceae, Celosia argentea, Cereus, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium foetidum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Echinocereus procumbens, Echinopsis, Epiphyllum, Ferocactus acanthodes, Gomphrena globosa, Ocimum basilicum, Opuntia vulgaris, Pereskia saccharosa, Schlumbergera bridgesii, Zygocactus.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of necrotic local lesions, mottle.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Cucumis sativus, Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Amaranthus caudatus — necrotic local lesions; rarely systemic.

Gomphrena globosa, Chenopodium amaranticolor — necrotic local lesions; not systemic.

C. quinoa — systemic mottle. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus ssp., Cucumis sativus.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Chenopodium quinoa.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Gomphrena globosa (L), Chenopodium quinoa (W).

References to host data: Plese and MilicHicH (1966).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the usually cytoplasm, or cell vacuole (occasionally).

Cytopathology: Inclusions are cytoplasmic present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Inclusions are banded bodies or paracrystalline structures. Inclusions contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide (in cultivated cacti). The virus spreads in North America. The virus occurs in the United States of America.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Chessin, MilicHicH, Braunschweig.

References

Amelunxen, F. (1958). Protoplasma 49: 140.

Attathom, S., Weathers, L.G. and Gumpf, D.J. (1978). Pl. Dis. Reptr. 62: 228.

Attathom, S., Weathers, L.G. and Gumpf, D.J. (1978). Phytopathology 68: 1401.

Bercks, R. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 58, 3 pp.

Koenig, R. (1978). J. gen. Virol. 40: 309.

Koenig, R. and Lesemann, D.-E. (1983). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 265, 3 pp.

Milne, R.G. (1988). In: The Plant Viruses, Vol. 4; The Filamentous Viruses, p.6; ed Milne, R.G., Plenum, New York.

Plese, N. and MilicHicH, D. (1966). Phytopath. Z. 55: 197

Ready, K.F.M. and Bancroft, J.B. (1985). Virology 141: 302.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV REport .

PubMed References. A description of this taxon in VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 132 by R. Koenig, 1987. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 58.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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