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generated automatically from the ICTVdB database including links. Some
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00.046. Orthomyxoviridae
Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006).
00.046. Orthomyxoviridae. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database,
version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA
Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/
This is a description of a
vertebrate virus at the family level.
ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.046. Virus accession number: 00046FAM.
Obsolete virus code: 46.; superceded accession number: 46000000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID:
11308.
Name, Synonyms and Lineage
Synonym(s): Influenza
virus group.
Virions consist of an envelope, a matrix protein, a
nucleoprotein complex, a nucleocapsid, and a polymerase complex. Virus capsid is
enveloped. Virions are spherical to pleomorphic; filamentous forms occur.
Virions measure 80-120 nm in diameter;
200-300(-3000) nm in length. Surface projections are densely dispersed distinctive
hemagglutinin-esterase (HEF) spikes, or
spaced widely apart hemagglutinin (HA) spikes. The major glycoprotein is
interposed irregularly by clusters of neuraminidase (NA)in a ratio of HA to NA
about 4-5 to 1. About 500 spikes evenly dispersed, or clustered are covering
the surface comprise
hemagglutinin, or neuraminidase, or esterase-esterase. Surface projections are
composed of one type of protein, or different types of proteins
and are 10-14 nm long; 4-6 nm in diameter. Capsid/nucleocapsid
is elongated with helical
symmetry. The
nucleocapsid is helical; and segments have different size classes with
clear predominate lengths with a length of 50-130 nm (in different size
classes) and a width of 9-15 nm. The nucleocapsids are segmented with
loops at one end.
The molecular mass (Mr) of virions is 250 x 106.
Virions have a buoyant density in sucrose of 1.17-1.2 g
cm-3. The sedimentation coefficient is 700-800
S20w (for non-filamentous particles). Virions are very
sensitive. Virions are sensitive to treatment with heat, lipid solvents,
non-ionic detergents, formaldehyde, oxidizing agents. The infectivity is reduced
after exposure to irradiation.
The
genome is segmented and consists of six segments of to eight segments of
linear, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA.
The complete genome is 10000-14600 nucleotides long. The segment 1
is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 2300-2500
nucleotides long. Segment 2 is sequenced, but only an estimate is
available, complete sequence is 2300-2500 nucleotides long.
Segment 3 is sequenced, but only an estimate is given, complete
sequence is 2200-2300 nucleotides long. Segment 4 has been fully
sequenced, complete sequence is 1700-1800 nucleotides long.
Segment 5 has been sequenced, but only an estimate is presented,
complete sequence is 300-1900 nucleotides long. Segment 6
has been sequenced, but only an estimate is given, complete
sequence is 1400-1500 nucleotides long. Segment 7 has been
sequenced, but only an estimate is presented, complete sequence is
1000-1100 nucleotides long, has been sequenced, but only an
estimate is available; complete sequence is 800-1100 nucleotides long. The
genome has terminally redundant sequences. The genome sequence is repeated at
both ends. Nucleotide sequences at the 3'-terminus are identical. The
5'-terminal sequence has conserved regions and repeats complementary to the
3'-terminus; terminal repeats at the 5'-end are 11-14 nucleotides
long. The 3'-terminus has conserved nucleotide sequences; of 11-13
nucleotides in length; in genera of same family; sequence has conserved regions;
in all RNA species, or some RNA segments. The multipartite genome is
encapsidated, each segment in a separate nucleocapsid, and the nucleocapsids are
surrounded by one envelope. Each virion contains defective interfering copies
(may be present).
GenBank records for
nucleotide sequences;
complete genome sequences.
The viral
genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.
Lipids are
present and located in the envelope. Virions are composed of
18-37% lipids by weight. The composition of viral lipids and host cell
membranes are similar. The lipids are modified cellular lipids and
are derived from plasma membranes. Proteins of host derived membranes have been
modified during post-translational processes. Host-derived membranes contain
viral proteins in place of host proteins.
Natural Host
Virus infects during its life cycle a variety of vertebrate hosts. Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.
Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Animalia.
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda, or
Chordata.
Phylum Vertebrata
Subphylum Vertebrata.
Class Aves and Mammalia.
Class Mammalia Order Primates, or
Artiodactyla;
Family Hominidae.
Virus infects Homo sapiens
(human,
Family Suidae; Subfamily Suinae; virus infects Sus.
Virus is transmitted by a vector, or not transmitted by a
vector in a direct manner. Virus is transmitted by contact between hosts.
Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods;
arthropod-borne virus is transmitted by arachnids; arthropod-borne virus is
transmitted by ticks.
00.046.0.01.
Influenzavirus A
00.046.0.04.
Influenzavirus B
00.046.0.02.
Influenzavirus C
00.046.0.03.
Thogotovirus.
Data Sources and
Contributions
The
following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
PubMed References.
[Http]www.uq.edu.au/vdu/Influenz.htm"> at Virology Down Under. A World Wide
Web tutorial on this virus is provided by the Virology Departments, University
of Leicester, UK: (
Taxon images: • EM from Stewart McNulty, Queens University,
Belfast.
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